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用现在进行时代替一般将来时。本句的意思是：“——我想买件衬衫，你这儿有80号的好看一点的吗？——对不起，我们5分钟后要关门了，每周五我们都是五点整关门。”

9. John ___(hope) to go to university next year. But his parents ___(decide) that they___ (not be) able to afford it unless he ___(get) a scholarship. 【解析】：第一空应该用一般现在时，表示主语具有的性质特征。第二空用现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。第三空用一般将来时，因为这个动作还没有发生。最后一空用一般现在时代替将来时，因为是用在unless引导的从句中。本句的意思是：“约翰希望明年能上大学。但他的父母决定除非他得到奖学金，否则他们供不起他上学。”

10. Come back in an hour. I ___(do) my packing by then and we'll be able to have a talk. 【解析】：根据时间状语by then可知应该选择将来完成时，表示在这个时间点之前将会完成的动作。本句的意思是：“一小时之内回来哦。到那时我就整理好行李了，我们可以谈谈。” Page83

Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into English.（将下列句子译成英语。） 1. 雨一停，我们就动身。参考答案： We'll start off as soon as the rain stops.

2. 一有消息，我就给你打电话。参考答案：I'll ring you up directly I hear the news. 3. 经理定于下周四开会来解决这个问题。参考答案：The manager is to hold a meeting to settle the question next Thursday.

4. 他不可以在这儿待下去，他得马上离开。参考答案：He is not to stay here any longer. He is to leave at once.

5. 你假如明早6点去看他，他正在做早操。参考答案：If you go and see him at six tomorrow morning, he will be taking morning exercises. 6. 他在记者招待会上宣布，英国首相定于下星期一访华。参考答案：He announced at the press conference that the prime minister of the United Kingdom was to visit China next Monday. 7. 下星期你从北京回来，讨论会已经结束。参考答案：When you come back from Beijing next week, the discussion will have finishe D.

8. 到下周末，我在这儿就整整一年了。参考答案：By next weekend, I'll have been here for a whole year.

9. 车未停稳，切勿下车。参考答案：Don't get off the bus till it stops.

10. 瞧! 乌云满天，就要下雨了。参考答案：Look! The dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain.

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Unit 4

Page 117

Ⅰ. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.（选择最佳答案,完成以下句子。）

1. That factory ____________ nearly 50 years ago.

A. has been built B. had built C. was built D. has built【C】

答案讲解：根据时间状语nearly 50 years ago，可知谓语动词应该用一般过去时；而主语the factory和谓语build之间是被动关系，所以答案为C。句子的意思是：“这个工厂修建于50年前。”

2. We all believe that computer____________ smaller and smaller in the coming years. A. can be become B. will be got C. will be changed D. can turn【D】

答案讲解：此题意思是：“我们都相信在未来几年中计算机会变得越来越小。”能表达此意的只有A、B和D选项。动词become、get和turn + adj.可以构成主系表结构，且不用被动语态，所以答案应选D。

3. He ____________ not to leave waste paper in public places any more. A. warns B. warned C. is warned D. was warned【D】

答案讲解：分析句子结构，主语he和谓语warn之间是被动关系，而这件事很明显是发生在过去，所以答案为D。句子的意思是：“他被警告不要再把废纸扔在公共场所。” 4. Don't worry. Everything will____________in time.

A. be finished B. finish C. finished D. be finishing【A】

答案讲解：主语everything和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系。在将来时态中，被动语态形式为“主语+will be + V.p.p.”，所以答案为A。句子的意思是：“不要担心，每件事都会按时完成。”

5. Such problems ____________ as soon as possible.

A. have solved B. have been solving C. have to solve D. have to be solved【D】

答案讲解：分析句子结构，主语such problems和谓语solve之间是被动关系，所以答案应选D。“主语+ have to + be +V.p.p.”的意思是“不得不被……”。句子的意思是：“这样的问题不得不尽快解决。”

6. Her application for the position ____________ by the boss.

A. was refused B. was refusing C. refused D. is refusing【A】 答案讲解：分析句子结构，主语her application for the position和谓语refuse之间是被动关系，所以答案应选A。句子的意思是：“她申请那个职位被老板拒绝了。” 7. The event ____________ at the time last year.

A. happens B. happened C. is happened D. was happened【B】

答案讲解：动词happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态；时间状语at the time last year表明这件事发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，所以答案为B。句子的意思是：“这件事发生在去年的这个时候。”

8. Much ____________ in the past few years.

A. has done B. did C. has been done D. was done【C】 答案讲解：主语much和动词do之间是被动关系，时间状语in the past few years是现在完成时的一个标志，所以正确答案是C。句子的意思是：“在过去的几年中完成了很多事情。” 9. Because of the rainy day, the match ____________

A. has been putting off B. has put off C. put off D. has been put off【D】

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答案讲解：主语the match和谓语put off之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以答案为D。句子的意思是：“由于下雨，比赛被推迟了。”

10. Working hours in the United States ____________over the past 20 years.

A. have increased B. increased C. were increasing D. have been increased【A】

答案讲解：increase在句中表示一种状态而不是动作，所以不能用被动语态；根据时间状语over the past 20 years，可知本句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，所以答案为A。句子的意思是：“在美国过去的20年中，工作时间增加了。”

11. Since computers were invented, it ____________ that they are indispensable for scientific research.

A. thought B. has been thought C. is thinking D. had thought【B】

答案讲解：it在句中作形式主语，句子真正的主语是that引导的从句，而且it和think是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以应选B。句子的意思是：“自从计算机发明以来，人们就认为它们对科学研究而言是必不可少的。”

12. He was told that after he graduated he ____________ by a company.

A. would be employed B. would get employed C. would be employing D. would employ【A】

答案讲解：主语he和谓语employ之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，而get employed是比较口语化的一种被动语态，这种结构中很少用by短语，所以答案为A。句子的意思是：“他被告知毕业后会被一家公司聘用。”

13. The steps of progress in society ____________ of as having happened in a short time. A. must not think B. must not be thought C. must think D. thought【B】

答案讲解：主语the steps of progress in society和谓语think of之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以应选B。句子的意思是“不应该认为社会进步的步伐会在短时间内发生。” 14. His wife told him that the kitchen ____________ cleaned by the sweeper. A. was being B. was getting C. has been D. got【A】

答案讲解：主语the kitchen和谓语clean之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。get +V.p.p.是比较口语化的一种被动语态，这种结构中很少用by短语，故可以排除B和D。主句是一般过去时，从句也应用过去时态，故又可以排除C。所以，正确答案为A，这是过去进行时的被动语态结构。句子的意思是：“他的妻子告诉他清洁工正在打扫厨房。” 15. Owing to the snowstorm, the trip to the mountain ____________.

A. has been canceling B. has canceled C. canceled D. has been canceled【D】

答案讲解：the trip to the mountain和cancel 之间是动宾关系，所以这里应该用被动语态，用be+V.p.p.的形式，这里符合要求的只有D，因此正确答案应该是D。 Page 118

Ⅱ. Turn the following sentences into passive voice.（把下列句子变成被动语态。） 1. They make machines in that factory. 参考答案：Machines are made in that factory. 2. People don't grow rice in the west of Japan. 参考答案：Rice is not grown in the west of Japan. 3. What does the teacher often tell the boys to do? 参考答案：What are the boys often told to do?

4. How many desks do they buy every term? 参考答案：How many desks are bought every term?

5. They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week. 参考答案：That kind of shoes was sold in this shop last week.

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6. Cranny told us a story last night.参考答案：We were told a story last night. (A story was told to us last night.)

7. Did he clean the blackboard just now? 参考答案：Was the blackboard cleaned by him just now?

8. When did she cook supper yesterday?参考答案：When was supper cooked yesterday? 9. We must tie the young tree to the stick. 参考答案：The young tree must be tied to the stick.

10. You should take good care of her baby. 参考答案：Her baby should be taken good care of by you. Page119

Ⅲ. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English by using passive voice.（下列汉语句子翻译成英语,用被动语态。）

1. 要认真对待那个问题。参考答案：The problem must be dealt with seriously. 2. 这种陈旧的教学方法必须废弃。参考答案：This out-of-date teaching method must be done away with.

3. 厨房里烟雾弥漫。参考答案：The kitchen was filled with smoke.

4. 此药应在饭后服用。参考答案：The medicine should be taken after dinner. 5. 这里的资源几乎没有利用过。参考答案：The natural resources here were hardly ever made use of.