D. eat some snacks if you are hungry.

B

In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房东) can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartment. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.

Some experts argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics hold the opinion that an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.

Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.

Economic theory predicts the results of economic decision, such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be corrected only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions. 24. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may________. A. cause a shortage of apartments.

B. worry those who rent apartments as homes. C. increase the profits of landlords.

D. encourage landlords to invest in building apartments. 25. We can safely say that rent control_________.

A. will always benefit those who rent apartments. B. is unnecessary.

C. will probably bring inactive effects in the long run. D. is necessary under all conditions

26. There will be the problem of unemployment if ________________. A．the minimum wage is set too high. B．the minimum wage is set too early. C．the workers are unskilled.

D．the maximum wage is set for poor workers.

27. The passage tells us about _______________. A. the relationship between supply and demand. B. the possible results of government control. C. the necessity of government control.

D. the urgency of getting rid of government control.

C

Vera Wang, the queen of red-carpet dressing, didn’t go into the fashion business at the very beginning. She knew about its unattractive side, the hard work and, especially, the risks. And there were plenty of doubts along the way.

But every time one person understands what she’s trying to express with a certain design, she’s reminded of the reason why she became involved in fashion, and why she’s still in it: her efforts pay off when she’s helped a woman look and feel her best.

Wang, 63, was honored for lifetime achievement by the Council of Fashion Designers of America on June, 2018 at its famous awards show, which is often called “the Oscars of fashion.”

There’s rarely a Hollywood event or an A-list wedding where Wang’s name doesn’t e up. Her hit designs include Chelsea Clinton’s crystal-waistband wedding dress in 2018.

Wang also has two lower-priced lines. She’s developed a fragrance business and home-goods collection. And she has a branded flower bouquet business.

Wang wasn’t always sure this would be her path. She studied art history at Sarah Lawrence College and was a figure skater peting for a spot on the 1968 U.S. Olympic team. Her family wasn’t supportive of fashion as a career path, and although they had some financial means, they didn’t back her at first. So she went to work as an editor at Vogue, and then at Ralph Lauren, before starting her pany in 1990 as a bridal brand. She earned fame and respect through hard work.

Her mentor（导师） described Wang as “a unique young woman filled with a rare passion for fashion.” “In all the years since, I have watched her drive, devotion and talent shape an entire world inspired by her own life—first as a bride, then as a wife and mother, but always as a strong and beautiful woman,” Lauren said.

28. What is Vera Wang’s attitude towards the fashion business? A. She doubts whether she has made the right decision. B. She considers it to be nothing but risks.

C. She thinks it worthwhile although not easy to do.

D. She is always sure that it will be her lifelong career. 29. The underlined sentence suggests that . A. Her designs are popular with famous people. B. She is a successful actress in Hollywood.

C. She is an honored guest at an A-list wedding. D. Her name often appears in a Hollywood event.

30. What can we learn about Vera Wang from the passage? A. She came from a poor family. B. She was also great at sports.

C. She showed no interest in lower priced business.

D. She became a dress designer directly after graduation.

31. Which of the following is not the reason for her success?

A. Her strong love for fashion. B. Her parents support. C. Her hard work. D. Her talent.

D

It was December 25, 1914, only 5 months into World War I. German, British, and French soldiers, already sick and tired of the senseless killing, disobeyed their superiors and started socializing with “the enemy” along two-thirds of the Western Front.

German troops held up Christmas trees with signs, “Merry Christmas”. Thousands of troops ran across the battlefields covered with dead bodies. They sang Christmas songs, exchanged photographs of loved ones back home, shared food and even played football. Soldiers hugged men they had been trying to kill a few short hours before. They agreed to warn each other if their officers forced them to fire their weapons, and to aim high.

Fear ran through the military leaders on both sides. They felt that their power was being challenged: soldiers declaring their brotherhood with each other and refusing to fight. Generals declared this unexpected peacemaking illegal and said that participating soldiers would face a military court. Those found guilty would be imprisoned or even shot. By March 1915 the socializing movement had been destroyed and the killing machine was back in full operation. Over the next three years more than fifteen million people died in the war.

Not many people have heard the story of the Christmas Truce (休战). On Christmas Day, 1988, a local radio host in Boston played “Christmas in the Trenches”, a song about the Christmas Truce several times and was stunned by his listeners’ response. Thousands of people called in, praising the song, with many moved to tears by the amazing events it described.

You can probably guess why the callers were in tears. The Christmas Truce story goes against most of what we have been taught about people. It lets us see the world as it can be and says, “This really happened once.” It shows us the potential we have as humans contradicts all of those TV and newspaper stories that tell us how mean and heartless people are. It is like hearing that our deepest wishes really are true: the world really can be different. 32. The soldiers began socializing with the enemy because ________. A. they couldn't bear the meaningless killing B. it was the best way to avoid being killed C. they feared that they would be caught

D. their enemies were from similar backgrounds

33. How did the generals finally put an end to the soldiers’ socializing? A. They sent the soldiers’ loved ones to prison.

B. They moved the two groups of soldiers further apart.

C. They increased the number of officers to control the soldiers. D. They warned the soldiers that they would face severe punishment.

34. The underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 4 most probably means _____. A. satisfied B. shocked C. amused D. confused

35. The author uses the story of the soldiers to imply that human beings ______. A. are not trustworthy under stress

B. are naturally aggressive and war-like C. are basically caring and kindhearted

D. will always do what is in their own self-interest

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 3-2-1 GREEN!

You already know an environmentalist’s three R’s: reduce, reuse, recycle. 36 Here are three things you can do for the Earth Day. Be a real cut-up

The next time you’re about to throw out the plastic rings that hold a six-pack of soda together, reach for a pair of scissors.

As a young turtle, Peanut got stuck in one of these rings. As she grew, the ring stayed put（原地不动）, forcing her shell to grow around it. By the time someone found her and cut her free, her shell was permanently deformed（成畸形的）. Thanks to her hard shell, Peanut is alive and well. She now lives at a nature center in Missouri. But most animals that get caught in six-pack rings die.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Easy! 37

Hunt for vampires（吸血鬼）

You know all those electronic inventions you’ve got at home? Even when you switch them off, they are really still on. 38 Anything with a glowing LED off/on light, a remote control, or a clock display is always on. WHAT YOU CAN DO

Just pull out the plugs（插头） or tap the OFF switch till you really need the electronics. 39

Matt Damon really cares about clean water. So in February, he announced that he was going on strike against toilets. “ Until everybody has access to clean water and sanitation（卫生设备）,” he said. “ I will not go to the bathroom!” He was kidding but to make a serious point. Around the world, he said, “780 million people lack access to clean water; 2.5 billion people lack access to a toilet.” WHAT YOU CAN DO

No need to go on a toilet strike. Just don’t waste water. 40 Take shorter showers. A. Use water wisely.

B. How to recognize vampire electronics?

C. Cut the rings apart before you trash them. D. Use toilets less.

E. But how else can you help?

F. Don’t run the water while brushing your teeth.

G. Things that can help with good living conditions are important. 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

My mom is a great cook. Thinking about things she cooked made my mouth 41 . But when putting a beef steak in her pan, she 42 into the anti-cook. She could turn the best beef into something with the flavor of shoe leather.

Yesterday my brother Bud took me out for lunch and 43 steaks. I wasn’t 44 , but since he was paying I figured I could choke down a few 45 . When the waitress served our steaks, I was 46 at how good they smelled. Mom’s steak never 47 like that. The first bite was a wonderful flavor. Suddenly I 48 why others spoke of steak fondly.

“You know,” I said to Bud, patting my 49 contentedly(满足地). “I used to think Mom was a great cook. But it’s hard to believe her steak e from the same 50 as these steaks.”

“Mom is a great cook,” Bud said. “But think about it. She 51 during the Great Depression.” That’s when she learned to cook. How often do you think they had steak? 52 never. It’s only been recently that they could 53 to buy steak. That’s why she hasn’t had a lot of 54 cooking steak.

It suddenly 55 to me that nobody was perfect. Sandy Koufax was a great pitcher(投手), but he still 56 87 games. Luciano Pavarotti was a great singer, but he occasionally 57 with his lower register(音域). Our strengths have elements of weakness. That is why great athletes still 58 and great actors still rehearse(排练). Because when it es to it, 59 isn’t something we are; It is something we bee. And that process of being includes learning and growing through both 60 and failure.

41. A. close B. open C. water D. chew 42. A. came B. turned C. made D. became

43. A. ordered B. bought C. arranged D. demanded 44. A. disappointed B. pleasant C. excited D. anxious 45. A. digests B. food C. tastes D. bites

46. A. refreshed B. surprised C. satisfied D. confused 47. A. ate B. looked C. tasted D. smelled 48. A. judged B. convinced C. understood D. admitted 49. A. hand B. shoulder C. mouth D. stomach 50. A. animal B. pan C. kitchen D. cook