b. Encouraged by her words, I got down to studying hard 课堂练习

1.The secretary worked all night long, ____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2. ____ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.

A. Taken B. Taking C. Having taken D. Being taken 比较下列句子

3. 1）._________one of the leading poets in America today,he has also written a number of books and plays.

2）._______________the price ,the car is worth buying .

3）.All things ________,the plan trip will have to be called off.

A. be considered B. considered C. considering D. having considered

4..1） the first place in the maths examination, liufang got another first in the English contest.

2）.The professor entered the lecture hall , by many students. 3）.Many students entered the lecture hall ,___________the professor. A. following B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

D. 分词或分词短语作状语时，前面可以加上连词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and,so ,or)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。 辨别正误：1.尽管被告知了很多次，但是他仍然不能理解。 a.Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. b.He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. c. Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

d. Though he had been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

e. Though he had been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

2.因为生病了，所以他被立刻送到医院去。

a.Being ill ,so he had to be sent to the hospital at once. b.He was ill ,so he had to be sent to the hospital at once. c. Being ill ,he he had to be sent to the hospital at once.

E．.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别

不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的结果，常和only 连用

现在分词作结果状语表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，常何thus 连用 温馨提示：

要掌握好现在分词短语作结果状语的用法，须注意以下几点： a. 句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系， b. 这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以前边的整个句子. 例如;

The bus was hold up by the snow, thus causing the delay. 公汽被大雪阻住了，结果引起延误。

His car was caught in the traffic jam ,causing him to be late. 他的车陷入了交通堵塞，结果引起他迟到了。

He dropped a plate on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 他把盘子掉在地上，结果摔碎了。

At the age of three his parents died, leaving him an orphan. 三岁的时候他父母去世了，留下他一个孤儿。

He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. 他撞上了雨，结果使他感冒了。

.He didn' t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work. 他今天没来，因而我们必须找人干他的工作。

对比：不定式作结果状语

He made a long speech, only to show his ignorance。 他发表了长篇大论，结果显示出他的无知。 He lifted up a stone only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。

He went to the seaside only to be drowned。他到海边去结果淹死了。

Yesterday a street -beggar bought a lottery ticket , to make him a millionaire overnight .

昨天一个街头乞丐无意买了一张彩票结果使他一夜间成了一个百万富翁。

巩固练习

1)The storm left , a lot of damage to this area .(2005年全国Ⅰ卷) A．caused B．to have caused C．to cause D．having caused

2)European football is played in 80 countries , _________ it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998)

A. making B. makes C. make D. to make

Step3 分词的形式

A.分词的一般式和完成式

温馨提示：1：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生， 现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时,两个动作几乎同时发生时，用现在分词的一般式。

2.分词的的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，用现在分词的完成时作状语。 把下列状语从句改成分词形式： 1.因为他晚饭吃得太多，他睡不着。

As he had eaten too much for supper, he couldn’t go to sleep. =Having eaten too much for supper, he couldn’t go to sleep. 2. 他把窗户关上后就回家了。

After he closed the windows, he went home.。 =Having closed the windows, he went home。 3.因为听到了奇怪的声音，他走出房间看看。

After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look. = Hearing a strange sound, he went out of

3. Because he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week.

=Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。

例如：

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们说说笑笑地向公园走去。 Hearing the news ,he couldn’t help laughing .听到这个消息，他禁不住笑了。 Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完了作业，他就去睡觉了。 Having waited for half an hour,I became a little impatient. 等了半小时，我有点不耐烦了。

Having turned off the TV, he began to go over his lessons. 把电视关掉后，他开始复习功课。

Having put up the tent,they started to cook supper. 搭好帐篷后，他们开始做晚饭。

小结：是否用分词的完成式要看动词是否存在明显的先后关系。 二．现在分词的被动式

被动一般式 being done 一般做后置定语，表示正在被做的动作 被动完成式 having been done

把下列句子改成分词形式

1.这本书在被翻译成多种语言后在全世界有名了。

This book become well known all over the world after it had been translated into many different languages. =Having been translated into many different languages, this book become well known all over the world .

2. This is one of the new supermarkets in our city,which is being built at present. =This is one of the new supermarkets being built at present. in our city. 这是我们城市正在建的超市之一。

3.Though he had been defeated many times , he didn’t lose heart. =Having been defeated many times , he didn’t lose heart. 尽管被打败多次，但是他没有气馁。 例如：

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine. 被告诉了很多遍，他能够操作机器了。

Having been warned several times , the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被警告过多次，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评后，他戒烟了。

三．分词的否定形式

分词的否定式，由not/never+分词构成，即not doing ,not having done ,no having been done

把下列句子改成分词形式

1. 因为他没有收到回音，所以决定再写一封信。

As he didn’t receive a reply, he decided to write another letter. =Not having received a reply, he decided to write another letter. 2.因为我不知道他的地址，所以不能和他取得联系。

As we didn’t know his address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. =Not knowing his phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

例如：

Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again. 没有听到这个消息，我又给他写了信。

Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help. 不知道怎么解决这个数学题，我向老师求助。

Not recognized his voice, she refused to give the person her address. 没有听出他的声音，他拒绝把她的地址给这个人。

Not having received an answer, I decided to pay a visit to him. 没有收到一个答复，我决定去拜访他。 E.现在分词的省略形式 有时，为了使非谓语动词短语与主句的逻辑关系更清楚，可在非谓语动词前加连词。时间关系的连接短语有时还可以由连接词while或when引导。

温馨提示：当状语从句用省略的时候，一般要具备两个条件：状语从句的主语和主句的主语要一致且状语从句的谓语含有be。当具备这两个条件后，状语从句若用省略时，一般同时省略两部分：状语从句的主语；状语从句谓语中的be。 While (he was) playing football, he had his leg broken. 当他踢足球时，腿折了。

When （he was ）asked why he was late ,the boy told a lie. 当被问及他为什么迟到的时候，这个男孩撒了谎。

While lying in bed, he listened to some music.他躺在床上听音乐。

He looked through a newspaper while having breakfast.吃早饭时他翻阅报纸。 When playing the piano ,she got excited.在弹钢琴时，她变得很激动。 Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。

Step4非谓语作状语的解题总方法与思路：

1.先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。 2.看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号。 3.看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：

如： The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.