教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点：

1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。

3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题）

6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语

Step 1 lead in

朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式

Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思

Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream that I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义

动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示：

1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。

2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。 如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。

As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。

二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since)

如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday

=Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。

三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once)

If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。

If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school. =Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

如果你向左转，你就会找到到学校取得路。

四．表示让步，相当于让步状语从句（引导词有although,though,even if ,even though）

Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.

= Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 五．现在分词可以做方式状语、伴随状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，是主语的另一个、较次要的动作，相当于一个由and引导的并列结构。 She came into the house,and carried a lot of books.

=She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。 He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time. =He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 温馨提示：伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。

六．现在分词表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，相当于一个并列谓语 His father died, and left him a lot of money. =His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it into pieces. =She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。

Step 2考点解读

分词作状语应注意的问题

A. 分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。

动词的分词形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。

Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. 走进教室，我发现里面没人。（entering的逻辑主语是I，相当于when I entered the classroom, I found nobody in it.）

如分词表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。 课堂巩固练习：判断下列句子正误

1. 从窗户看出去，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。

a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 2. 我看着晚报的时候，一只狗开始叫起来。

a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking.

b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking. 3. 听到这个消息，我的眼泪忍不住流下来。 a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 4.等公汽的时候，一块砖头砸在我的头上。

a. waiting for the bus , a brick fell on my head.

b.waiting for the bus ,I was hit by a brick on the head. 5.打开窗户，一只蝴蝶飞进来了。

a. Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my room.

b. Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my room. 6.如果你努力学习，你的梦想一定会实现。

a.Working hard with a strong will, your dream will certainly come true

b.Working hard with a strong will, you'll certainly make your dream come true

B. 独立结构

分词的逻辑主语如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，该-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常有名词或代词来担任,成为独立主格结构，独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, 表示时间、原因、条件等。

但要注意主格词和主句的主语不能表示同一概念，主格词和分词的动作是主谓关系结构是：

形式：主格词+doing 主格词+being +adj there being +n, 辨别正误

因为天气好，我们下周将举行运动会。

a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.

练习：把下面句子改成独立主格形式

1.If the weather permits, we’ll go out on an outing. =Weather permitting, we’ll go out on an outing. 天气许可的话，我们就去郊游。

2. Because it is Sunday, we needn't go to school. =It being Sunday, we needn't go to school. 因为是星期天，我们不需要上学。

3.Since there was no buses,we had to walk home . =There being no bus ,we had to walk home . 因为没有车，我们不得不走回家。

4.As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the village. The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the village. 因为有这个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了这个村子。

小结：当主从句主语不一致时，分词和逻辑主语构成.独立主格.

例如：Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. 天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。（permitting的逻辑主语是time，而不是the football match） The professor being absent ,the lecture had to be put off. 教授缺席了，演讲不得不推迟。

The meeting being over, they all left the meeting room.

会议结束了，他们都离开了会议室。 课堂巩固练习

1. _________,I will go over all these lessons before the exam.

A. If time will permit B. Time permits C. Time permitted D. Time permitting

2. I carefully poured the liquid into the water , my classmates _______anxiously beside me to see what would happen.

A. stood B. standing C. to stood D. were standing

注意：有一种习惯表达作评价性状语，表示说话人的态度，观点和看法等，就不必考虑与主句的主语之间的逻辑关系，因为说话者就是分词的逻辑主语，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致

必背：

分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语）

Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说， judging by/from…从……来看，依据……来判断，seeing that 考虑到，allowing for 鉴于，顾及到， talking/speaking of谈及……，Taking …into consideration把…考虑在内

其中的considering …鉴于/考虑到……，following继…之后，concerning关于，regarding关于，respecting关于，owing to …由于……就是介词） 例如：

Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls. 一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。

Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大。

Supposing it rains ，what will you do 假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？ Talking of cleaning, it’s about time you cleaned the classroom. 谈到打扫卫生，该你打扫教室了。

C．非谓语作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。

和句子主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作状语，和句子主语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语 对比练习：

a.________from the top of the building, we saw the house like a match box.

b.________from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See

辨别正误：

1.因为漆成了白色，房子看起来更美了。

a. Painting white , the house looks more beautiful. b. Painted white ,the house looks more beautiful. 2. 受到他的话的鼓励，我开始认真学习。

a.Encouraging by her words, I got down to studying hard.