OCl(4)
CH2Cl (5)
CCOCNO (6)
CN
Cl½â£º(1) +CH2Cl?CH2Cl
O(2)
OOC?COO
+ O2V2O5CCO?(3)
+O?CH3CH3?CCH3OCH2ClCl2
(4) +CH2ClClClCH2Cl
O(5)
OO?CCOO
+CCOH(6)
CNCN+H?CN
CN(Ê®ËÄ) Èý¸ö»¯ºÏÎï(A)¡¢(B)ºÍ(C)£¬Æä·Ö×Óʽ¾ùΪC5H8£¬¶¼¿ÉÒÔʹäåµÄËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼ÈÜÒºÍÊÉ«£¬ÔÚ´ß»¯Ï¼ÓÇⶼµÃµ½ÎìÍé¡£(A)ÓëÂÈ»¯ÑÇͼîÐÔ°±ÈÜÒº×÷ÓÃÉú³É×غìÉ«³Áµí£¬(B)ºÍ(C)Ôò²»·´Ó¦¡£(C)¿ÉÒÔ˳¶¡Ï©¶þËáôû·´Ó¦Éú³É¹ÌÌå³ÁµíÎ(A)ºÍ(B)Ôò²»ÄÜ¡£ÊÔд³ö(A)¡¢(B)ºÍ(C)¿ÉÄܵĹ¹Ôìʽ¡£
½â£º(A)
CH3CH2CH2CCH (B)
CH3CCCH2CH3 or
CH2=CHCH2CH=CH2
(C) CH2=CHCH=CHCH3
(Ê®Îå) 1,2-¶¡¶þÏ©¾ÛºÏʱ£¬³ýÉú³É¸ß·Ö×Ó¾ÛºÏÎïÍ⣬»¹ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¶þ¾ÛÌåÉú³É¡£¸Ã¶þ¾ÛÌå¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÉúÈçϵķ´Ó¦£º (1) »¹Ôºó¿ÉÒÔÉú³ÉÒÒ»ù»·¼ºÍ飻 (2) ä廯ʱ¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÉÏÁ½·Ö×Óä壻
(3) Ñõ»¯Ê±¿ÉÒÔÉú³É¦Â-ôÈ»ù¼º¶þËáHOOCCH2CHCH2CH2COOH
COOH¸ù¾ÝÒÔÉÏÊÂʵ£¬ÊÔÍƲâ¸Ã¶þ¾ÛÌåµÄ¹¹Ôìʽ£¬²¢Ð´³ö¸÷²½·´Ó¦Ê½¡£
½â£º¸Ã¶þ¾ÛÌåµÄ¹¹ÔìʽΪ£º ¸÷²½·´Ó¦Ê½ÂÔ¡£
µÚÎåÕ ·¼Ìþ ·¼ÏãÐÔ
(Ò») д³ö·Ö×ÓʽΪC9H12µÄµ¥»··¼ÌþµÄËùÓÐͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ìå²¢ÃüÃû¡£
CH3½â£º
Õý±û±½CH3C2H5C2H5¼ä¼×»ùÒÒ±½CH2CH2CH3Òì±û±½CH(CH3)2
ÁÚ¼×»ùÒÒ±½CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3Æ«Èý¼×±½CH3CH3CH3CH3¾ùÈý¼×±½
C2H5¶Ô¼×»ùÒÒ±½Á¬Èý¼×±½ (¶þ) ÃüÃûÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎ
CH3CH2CHCH2CH3 (1)
(2)
HC=CCH2HCH3 (3)
CH3ClNO2
CH3CH3(4)
(5)
ClCOOH (6)
CH3
CH3CH3(7)
OHOHCH3 (9)
ClNH2 (8)
BrSO3HSO3H
COCH3½â£º(1) 3-¶Ô¼×±½»ùÎìÍé (2) (Z)-1-±½»ù-2-¶¡Ï© (3) 4-Ïõ»ù-2-Âȼױ½
(4) 1,4-¶þ¼×»ùÝÁ (5) 8-ÂÈ-1-ÝÁ¼×Ëá (6) 1-¼×»ùÝì
(7) 2-¼×»ù-4-Âȱ½°· (8) 3-¼×»ù-4ôÇ»ù±½ÒÒͪ (9) 4-ôÇ»ù-5-äå-1,3-±½¶þ»ÇËá
(Èý) Íê³ÉÏÂÁи÷·´Ó¦Ê½£º
½â£ººìÉ«À¨ºÅÖÐΪ¸÷СÌâËùÒªÇóÌî³äµÄÄÚÈÝ¡£ (1)
+ ClCH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3AlCl3AlCl3CH3CCH2CH3CH3
(2)
(¹ýÁ¿)+ CH2Cl2HNO3H2SO4CH2NO2+(Ö÷Òª²úÎï)
(3)
NO2
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
HNO3 , H2SO40 CBF3oO2N+OH+CH2OCH2AlCl3CH2O , HClZnCl2CH2CH2OH
CH2CH2CH2Cl
CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3(CH3)2C=CH2HF(1) KMnO4(2) H3O+C2H5BrAlCl3COOHC(CH3)3C2H5C(CH3)3
K2Cr2O7H2SO4(CH3)3CCOOH
OOCHCH2O(10)
CH=CH2O3ZnH3O+CHO + CH2O
(11)
2H2PtCH3COClAlCl3AlCl3COCH3
(12)
CH2CH2CClO
OHF(13)
CH2CH2C(CH3)2OH
O(14)
OOAlCl3+OC(CH2)2COOH(A)
Zn-HgHClCH2(CH2)2COOH
(B)(15) (16)
F+NBS , ¹âCCl4CH2ClAlCl3CH2F
CH2CH3CHCH3BrBrKOH?CH=CH2
Br2CCl4CHCH2Br
(ËÄ) Óû¯Ñ§·½·¨Çø±ðÏÂÁи÷×黯ºÏÎ
(1) »·¼ºÍé¡¢»·¼ºÏ©ºÍ±½ (2) ±½ºÍ1,3,5-¼ºÈýÏ©
»·¼ºÏ©½â£º(1) »·¼ºÍéBr2CCl4ÍËÉ«±½±½(2)
xxKMnO4Br2/Fe?xÍËÉ«
x1,3,5-¼ºÈýÏ©(Îå) д³öÏÂÁи÷·´Ó¦µÄ»úÀí£º
(1) ½â£º
ÍËÉ«SO3H+ H3O+SO3HH+?+ H2SO4 + H2O
SO3H-H+, -SO3H
+