A

A man is not likely to fashion a spear for himself (1) w point will fall off in mid-flight; nor is a woman who weaves her own basket (2) l to make it out of rotted straw. (3) S , if one is sewing a parka for a

husband who is (4) a to go hunting for the family (5) w the temperature at sixty below, all stitches will be perfect. And when the (6) m who make boats are the uncles and fathers of those who sail

them, they will be as seaworthy as the state of the art permits.2. Growth (7) a

layer on layer of executives, foremen, engineers, production workers, and sales

specialists to the payroll. (8) S each new employee contributes a (9) d share to the overall production process, (10)a from the company and its product are likely to increase along with the neglect or even purposeful sabotage of quality standards.答案: 1. whose 2. likely 4. about5. with 6. men 7. adds8. Since 9, diminished 10. alienation

After the first years, as children's consumption of the new medium increased, together with parental (1) c about the possible effects of so much television viewing, a steady refrain helped to soothe and reassure anxious (2) p . \always enters a (3) p of influences that already exist: the home, the peer group, the school, the church, and culture (4) g ,\ on children. In other words, if the child's home life is all right's parents need not worry about the effects of all that television watching.But television does not (6) m influence the child; it deeply influences that \ to ameliorate its effects. Home and family life (8) h changed in important ways since the advent of television. The peer group has become television-oriented, and much of the time (9) c spend together is occupied b y television viewing. Culture generally has been (10) t by television.答案: 1. concern 2. parents 3. pattern 4. generally 5. effects6. merely 7. meant

8. has9. children10. transformed

B

But it is not particularly easy for one to climb up out of the working-class --- especially he is handicapped by the possession of ideals and illusions. 1)When I lived on a ranch in California, and 2)I was hard to find the ladder whereby to climb. 3)I early inquired for the rate of interest on invested money, and worried 4)my child's brain for an understanding of the virtues and excellencies 5)of the remarkable invention of man, compound interest. Further, 6)I ascertained current rates of wages 7)for workers of all ages, and the cost of 8)living. By all this data I concluded that if I began immediately and 9) worked and saved until I was fifty years of age, I would then stop 10) working and enter into participation in a fair portion of the delights and good-nesses that would then be open to me higher up in society. 答案: 1. especially 和

he之间加 if 2. 去掉When 3. hard 和 to 之间加 put4. 去掉 for 5. 把 for 改成 into 6. 把 the 改成 that 7. ascertained 和 current 之间加 the 8. 没有错误9. 把 By 改成 From 10. 把 would 改成 could

E

Even a slight alteration in the wording of a statement can subtly (1) s the meaning. Look at these two sentences:1) In my childhood I loved to watch trains go by. 2) When I was a child I loved watching trains go by.At first glance these two sentences are (2) e the same. But

look more closely and you will see that there are very (3) t differences. In my childhood is a shade more (4) a than When I was a child. Watching perhaps emphasizes the (5) l at trains a little more than to watch. This is a very subtle example, and it would be (6) p to argue about it, but everyone would at (7) o agree that there is a marked difference (8) b the next two statements: 1) He died poor. 2) He expired in indigent circumstances.In one sense expired is a

(9) s for died and in indigent circumstances for poor, but when the whole statement is (10) c , we cannot maintain that the two are the same.答案: 1. shift2. exactly3. tiny4. abstract 5. looking 6. possible 7. once8. between 9. synonym 10. considered

H

Here I found, also, warm faith in the human, glowing idealism, sweet-nesses of unselfishness, renunciation, and martyrdom --- the splendid stinging things of the spirit. 1) Here the life was clean, noble, and alive. Here life 2)rehabilitated itself, became wonderful and glorious; I was 3)glad to be alive. I was in touch with great souls who 4) exalted flesh and spirit over dollars and cents, and for whom 5) the thin wail of the starved slum child meant more over all 6)the pomp and circumstances of commercial expansion 7) and world empire. All about me were the nobleness of 8) purpose and heroism of effort, my days and nights 9)were sunshine and star-shine, all fire and dew, and before 10)my eyes, ever burning and blazing, the Holy Grail, Christ's own Grail, the warm human, long-suffering and maltreated, but to be rescued and saved at the last.答案: 1. 在

本行第一个 the 之前加 all 2. 去掉 the 3. 把 became 改成 becoming4. 无错误5. 把 for 改成 to6. 把 over 改成 than7. 把 circumstances 改成 circumstance8. 去掉 the9. 在my 之前加 and10. 把第三个 and 改成 with

I

I looked at the flower, not knowing what to say, and then answered, “I see something soft and beautiful, Grandpa.”Kneeling, he pulled me close. “It isn’t just the roses that are beautiful, Billy. It’s that special place in your heart that makes them so.”His eyes met mine again. “Billy, I planted these roses a long, long time ago --- before your mother was even a dream. I put them into the soil the day my first son was born. It was my way of saying thank-you to God. That boy’s name was Billy, just like yours. I used to watch him pick roses for his mother.”I saw my grandfather’s tears. I had never seen him cry before. His voice became hoarse.“One day a terrible war came, and my son, like so many sons, went away to fight a great evil. He and I walked to the train station together ? Three months later a telegram came. My son had died in some tiny village in Italy. All I could think of was that the last thing I said to him in

this life was goodbye.”Grandpa slowly stood up. “Don’t ever say goodbye, Billy. Don’t ever give in to the sadness and the loneliness of that word. I want you to remember instead the joy and the happiness of those times when you first said hello to a friend. Take that special hello and lock it away within you --- in that place in your heart where summer is an always time. When you and your friends must part, I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first hello.”A year and half later, my grandfather became gravely ill. When he returned from several weeks in the hospital, he wanted his bed next to the window, where he could see his beloved rosebush.Then the family was summoned and I returned to the old house. It was decided that the oldest grandchildren would be allowed to say their goodbyes. When it came to my turn, I noted how tired he looked. His eyes were closed and his breathing was slow and hard.I took his hand as gently as he had once taken mine.“Hello, Grandpa,” I whispered. His eyes slowly opened.“Hello, my friend,” he said, with a brief smile. His eyes closed again and I moved on.I was standing by his rosebush when an uncle came to tell me that my grandfather had died. Remembering Grandpa’s words, I reached deep within my for those special feelings that had made up our friendship. Suddenly, and truly, I knew what he had meant about never saying goodbye --- about refusing to give in to the sadness. 7. The author was named after his uncle when he was born. ( )答案:正确

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. For these 1)the former is the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours 2)in the office or factory bring with them as their reward, 3)not the means of sustenance, but also a keen appetite for pleasure 4)even in their simplest and most modest forms. 5)But the Fortune's favored children belong to the second class. 6)Their life is a natural harmony. For them 7)the working hours are never long. Each day is a holiday, 8)and for ordinary holidays when they come are grudged 9)as reinforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. 10)答案: 2.

把 is 改成 are 3. or 和 factory 之间加 the4. not 和 the 之间加 only 5. 把 their 改成 its 6. 去掉Fortune's 前面的 the 7. 无错误8. long 后面加 enough9. 去掉 for10. 把 reinforced 改成 enforced

It was the same (1) e , crime and betrayal, betrayal and crime -- men who were alive, but who were (2) n clean nor noble, men who were clean and noble but who were not alive. (3) T there was a great hopeless mass, neither noble nor alive, but merely

clean. It did not sin positively nor (4) d ; but it did sin (5) p and ignorantly by acquiescing in the current immorality and profiting by it. Had it been noble and alive it (6) w not have been ignorant, and it would have refused to (7) s in the profits of betrayal and crime.I discovered that I did not like to live on the parlor floor of society. Intellectually I was bored. Morally and (8) s

I was sickened. I remembered my intellectuals and idealists, my unfrocked preachers, broken professors, and clean-minded,

class-conscious workingmen. I remembered my days and nights of

sunshine and star-shine, (9) w life was all a wild sweet wonder, a spiritual paradise of unselfish adventure and ethical romance. And I saw before me, ever (10) b and burning the Holy Grail.答案:

1. everywhere2. neither 3. Then 4. deliberately 5. passively6. would7. share 8. spiritually9. where10. blazing

M

Most Americans blindly accept the idea that newer is automatically better. But a human life contradicts this premise. There is a great deal of happiness to be found as we grow older. My own parents, now in their sixties, recently told me that they are happier now than they have ever been. They would not want to be my age. Did this surprise me? At first, yes. Then it gladdened me. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next – perhaps even better – phase of my

life.10. The author’s parents’ contentment makes her believe that she’ll also be happy. ( )答案:正确

My daughter Allie is leaving for university in a week. Her room is cluttered with shopping bags filled with blankets, towels, jeans and jumpers.She won’t talk about going.I say, ―I’m going to miss you,‖ but she gives me one of her looks and leaves the room. Another time I say, in a voice so friendly it surprises even me: ―Do you think you’ll take your posters and pictures with you, or will you get new ones at

university?‖She answers, her voice filled with annoyance, ―How should I know?‖My daughter is off with friends most of the time. Yesterday was the last day she’d have for a few months with her friend Katharine, whom she’s known since kindergarten. Soon, it will be her last day with Sarah, Claire, Heather ... and then it will be her last day with me.My friend Karen told me, ―The month before I left for university, I screamed at my mother the whole month. Be prepared.‖I stand in the kitchen,

watching Allie make a glass of iced tea. Her face, once so open and trusting, is closed to me. I struggle to think of something to say to her, something meaningful and warm. I want her to know I’m excited about the university she has chosen, that I know the adventure of her life is just starting and that I am proud of her. But the look on her face is so angry that I think she might slug me if I open my mouth.One night — after a long period of silence between us — I asked what I might have done or said to make her angry with me. She sighed and said, ―Mum, you haven’t done anything. It’s fine.‖ It is fine — just distant.Somehow in the past we always found some way to connect. When Allie was a toddler, I would go to the day-care center after work. I’d find a quiet spot and she would nurse — our eyes locked together, reconnecting.In her early teen, when other mothers were already the estrangement they felt with their adolescent daughters, I hit upon a solution: rescue raids. I would show up

occasionally at school, sign her out of class and take her somewhere — out to lunch,

to the movies, once for a walk on the beach. It may sound irresponsible, but it kept us close when other mothers and daughters were floundering. We talked about

everything on those outings — outings we kept secret from family and friends.When she started secondary school, I’d get up with her in the morning to make her a

sandwich for lunch, and we’d drink a cup pf tea together before the 6:40 bus came.A couple of times during her final year I went into her room at night, the light off, but before she went to sleep. I’d sit on the edge of her bed, and she’d tell me about

problems: a teacher who lowered her grade because she was too shy to talk in class, a boy who teased her, a friend who had started smoking. Her voice, coming out the darkness, was young and questioning. A few days later I’d hear her on the phone, repeating some of the things I had said, things she had adopted for her own. But now we are having two kinds of partings. I want the romanticized version, where we go to lunch and lean across the table and say how much we will miss each other. I want smiles through tears, bittersweet moments of reminiscence and the chance to offer some last bits of wisdom.But as she prepares to depart, Allie’s feelings have gone underground. When I reach to touch her arm, she pulls away. She turns down every invitation I extend. She lies on her bed, reading Emily Dickinson until I say I have always loved Emily Dickinson, and then she closes the book.Some say the tighter your bond with your child, the greater her need to break away, to establish her own identity in the world. The more it will hurt, they say. A friend of mine who went

through a difficult time with her daughter but now has become close to her again, tells me, ―Your daughter will be back to you.‖―I don’t know,‖ I say. I sometimes feel so angry that I want to go over and shake Allie. I want to say, ―Talk to me — or you’re grounded!‖ I feel myself wanting to say that most horrible of all mother phrases: ―Think of everything I’ve done for you.‖Late one night, as I’m getting ready for bed, she comes to the bathroom door and watches me brush my teeth. For a moment, I think I must be brushing my teeth in a way she doesn’t approve of. But then she says, ―I want to read you something.‖ It’s a pamphlet from her university. ―These are tips for parents.‖I watch her face as she reads aloud: ―Don’t ask your child if she is

homesick,‖ it says. ―She might feel bad the first few weeks, but don’t let it worry you. This is a natural time of transition. Write her letters and call her a lot. Send a package of goodies.‖Her voice breaks, and she comes over to me and buries her head in my shoulder. I stroke her hair, lightly, afraid she’ll bolt if I say a word. We stand there together for long moments, swaying. Reconnecting.I know it will be hard again. It’s likely there will be a fight about something. But I am grateful to be standing in here at midnight, both of us tired and sad, toothpaste smeared on my chin, holding tight to — while also letting go of — my daughter who is trying to say goodbye. 1. Although Allie is leaving home for university in a week, she’ll not be talking about going. ( )答案:正确

2. After parting with her friends one by one, Allie will spend her last day with her mother. ( )答案:正确

3. What the author has done and said makes her daughter angry. ( )答案:错误 4. Since Allie’s babyhood the author has been offering tender love and care to her. ( )答案:正确

5. The writer, together with her daughter, worked out the solution that kept them close. ( )答案:错误

6. Allie’s teacher lowered her grade because she was too shy to talk in class. ( )答案:正确

7. In the writer’s opinion, all mothers believe that the tighter your bond with your child, the greater her need to break away, to establish her own identity in the world. ( )答案:错误

8. The writer always says that most horrible of all mother phrases: ―Think of everything I’ve done for you.‖ ( )答案:错误

9. Allie finally reveals her true feelings to her mother after days of indifference and impatience. ( )答案:正确

10. Allie won’t talk about going before leaving for university because she hates to leave her beloved mother. ( )答案:正确

O

One of the basic arguments against grouping the gifted is the fear of creating a caste of intellectual snobs. Similarly, some educators fear that the average and slow students would come to regard themselves as being 1)inferior. If my definition of the gifted were accepted, then these fears are2) groundless. Above all, the schools have grouped gifted athletes for years. 3) However how many athletes regard themselves 4)as part of an elite? Do varsity athletes look down 5)upon the other pupils as inferior? The vast majority apparently do not. 6)Consider also the number of \grouping\areas without apparent ill effect. 9)To the extend of my observation, encouraging gifted debaters, musicians, 10)artists, and writers to develop their special talents does not create envy or feelings of inferiority among less talented students.答案: 1. 去掉 being2. 把 were 改成 is3.

把 Above 改成 After4. 把 However 改成 Yet5. 无错误6. 去掉 upon 后面的 the7. 把 number 改成 amount8. journalism 前面加 and9. without 和 apparent 之间加 any

Our society worships youth. Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair. Middle-aged folks work out in gyms and jog down the street, trying to delay the effects of age.Wouldn’t any person over thirty gladly sign with the devil just to be young again? Isn’t aging an experience to be dreaded? Perhaps it is un-American to say so, but I believe the answer is ―No‖. Being young is often pleasant, but being older has distinct advantages.When young, you are apt to be obsessed with your appearance. When my brother Dave I were teens, we worked feverishly to perfect the bodies we had. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins, and drank a half-dozen of milk shakes a day I n order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal. And as a teenager, I dieted constantly. No matter what I weighted, though, I was never satisfied with the way I looked. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big. When Dave and I were young, we begged and pleaded for the ―right‖ clothes. If you parents didn’t get them for us, we felt our world would fall apart. How could we go to school wearing loose-fitting school blazers when everyone else would be wearing smartly tailored leather jackets? We would be considered freaks. I often wonder how my parents, and

parents in general, manage to tolerate their children during the adolescent years. Now, however, Dave and I are beyond such adolescent agonies. My rounded figure seems fine, and I don’t deny myself a slice of pecan pie if I feel in the mood. Dave still works out, but he has actually become fond of his tall, lanky frame. The two of us enjoy wearing fashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to style. And women, I’m embarrassed to admit, even more than men, have always seemed to be at the mercy of fashion. Now my clothes are attractive yet easy to wear. We no longer feel anxious about what others will think. As long as we feel good about how we look, we are happy.Being older is preferable to being younger in another way. Obviously, I still have important choices to make about my life, but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out. I chose the man I wanted to marry. I decided to have children. I elected to return to college to complete my

education. But when you are young, major decisions await you at every turn. ―What college should I attend? What career should I pursue? Should I have children?‖ These are just a few of the issues facing young people. It’s no wonder that, despite their carefree fa?ade, they are often confused, uncertain, and troubled by all the unknowns in their future.But the greatest benefit of being forty is knowing who I am. The most unsettling aspect of youth is the uncertainty you feel about your values, goals, and dreams. Being young means wondering what is worth working for. Being young

means feeling happy with yourself one day and wishing you were never born the next. It means trying on new selves by taking up with different crowds. It means resenting your parents and their way of life one minute and then feeling you will never be as good or as accomplished as they are. By way of contrast, forty is sanity. I have a surer self-identity now. I don’t laugh at jokes that I don’t think are funny. I can make a speech in front of a town meeting or complain in a store because I am no longer

terrified that people will laugh at me; I am no longer anxious that everyone must like me. I no longer blame my parents for my every personality quirk or keep a running score of everything they did wrong raising me. Life has taught me that I, not they, am responsible for who I am. We are all human beings – neither saints nor devils.Most Americans blindly accept the idea that newer is automatically better. But a human life contradicts this premise. There is a great deal of happiness to be found as we grow older. My own parents, now in their sixties, recently told me that they are happier now than they have ever been. They would not want to be my age. Did this surprise me? At first, yes. Then it gladdened me. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next – perhaps even better – phase of my life.

1. ―…sign with the devil just to be young again‖ in Paragraph 2 means ―be ready to do anything, even to work for the devil just to be young again‖. ( )答案:正确

2. It is un-American to say that aging is an experience to be dreaded. ( )答案:错误 3. During their adolescent years the author and her brother were only concerned about the shape of their bodies. ( )答案:错误

4. Since the author and her brother are now growing older, they care less about their physical appearances, but they are still at the mercy of fashion and are critical about clothes. ( )答案:错误

5. Young people have carefree appearances, because they never trouble themselves with unknowns in the future. ( )答案:错误

6. Young people just starting out are confronted with many critical choices about their lives. ( )答案:正确

7. The most unsettling aspect of being forty is the uncertainty you feel about your values, goals, and dreams. ( )答案:错误

8. The author never blamed her parents for her personality quirk. ( )答案:错误 9. With a surer self-identity, one usually can be the master of one’s own life. ( )答案:正确

10. The author’s parents’ contentment makes her believe that she’ll also be happy. ( )答案:正确

T

The foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismayed when he learns that there are over 400,000 words in the English language, without counting slang. Let him take courage. For 1) more than half of these words are dead. They are not in current use. Besides even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 2) 20,000 words. The average Englishman today probably has 3)a vocabulary of from 12,000 to 13,000 words. It is good to make 4) your vocabulary as complete as you can, and a great deal can be 5) said and written with the vocabulary of no more than 6)10,000 words. The important thing is to have a good control 7) and command about the words you do know. It is better to know 8) two words exactly than three ambiguously. A good carpenter 9) is not only distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the 10) craftsmanship with which he uses them. A good writer, therefore, is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the \juste\the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head.答案: 2. 去掉

Besides3. 无错误4. 在 vocabulary 和 of 之间加 range5. 把 and 改成 but 6. 把 the 改成 a 7. 无错误8. 把 about 改成 over9. 把 ambiguously 改成 vaguely 10. 去掉 only

The mournful litany of disease is (1) c______ by sewage. Eighty-five per cent of the waste from the Mediterranean's 120 (2) c_______ cities is pushed into the waters (3)w______ their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight (4) o_______ the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv (5) w______ pipe it even half a mile offshore.Less than 100,000 of Greece's four million coastal people have (6) s_____ properly treated and Greece, as our map shows, is one of the cleaner (7) c________ of the northern shore.The worst (8) p_____ of the sea are the Israeli / Lebanon coast and between Barcelona and Genoa, which (9) f_______ out over 200 tons of sewage each year for every mile of its (10) l_______.答案: 1. caused 2. coastal 3. where 4. off 5.

which6. sewage 7. countries8. parts9. flushes10. length

The worst (8) p_____ of the sea are the Israeli / Lebanon coast and between Barcelona and Genoa, which (9) f_______ out over 200 tons of sewage each year for every mile of its (10) l_______.答案: 4. off 9. flushes

When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the only home I had ever known. My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations.When the final day came, I ran to the haven of the small back porch and sat alone, shuddering, as tears welled up from my heart. Suddenly I felt a hand rest on my shoulder. I looked up to see my grandfather. “It isn’t easy, is it, Billy?” he said softly, sitting down on the steps beside me.“Grandpa,” I replied through my tears, “ how can I ever say goodbye to you and all my friends?”For a moment he just stared off into the apple trees. “Goodbye is such a sad word,” he said. “It seems too final, too cold, for friends to use. We seem to have so many ways of saying goodbye and they all have one thing in common: sadness”.I continued to look into his face. He gently took my hand in his. “Come with me, my friend,” he whispered.We walked, hand in hand, to his favorite place in the front yard, where a huge red rosebush sat conspicuously alone.“What do you see here, Billy?” He asked.I looked at the flower, not knowing what to say, and then answered, “I see something soft and beautiful, Grandpa.”Kneeling, he pulled me close. “It isn’t just the roses that are beautiful, Billy. It’s that special place in your heart that makes them so.”His eyes met mine again. “Billy, I planted these roses a long, long time ago --- before your mother was even a dream. I put them into the soil the day my first son was born. It was my way of saying thank-you to God. That boy’s name was Billy, just like yours. I used to watch him pick roses for his mother.”I saw my grandfather’s tears. I had never seen him cry before. His voice became hoarse.“One day a terrible war came, and my son, like so many sons, went away to fight a great evil. He and I walked to the train station together ? Three months later a telegram came. My son had died in some tiny village in Italy. All I could think of was that the last thing I said to him in this life was goodbye.”Grandpa slowly stood up. “Don’t ever say goodbye, Billy. Don’t ever give in to the sadness and the loneliness of that word. I want you to remember instead the joy and the happiness of those times when you first said hello to a friend. Take that special hello and lock it away within you --- in that place in your heart where summer is an always time. When you and your friends must part, I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first hello.”A year and half later, my grandfather became gravely ill. When he returned from several weeks in the hospital, he wanted his bed next to the window, where he could see his beloved rosebush.Then the family was summoned and I returned to the old house. It was decided that the oldest grandchildren would be allowed to say their goodbyes. When it came to my turn, I noted how tired he looked. His eyes were closed and his breathing was slow and hard.I took his hand as gently as he had once taken mine.“Hello, Grandpa,” I whispered. His eyes slowly opened.“Hello, my friend,” he said, with a brief smile. His eyes closed

again and I moved on.I was standing by his rosebush when an uncle came to tell me that my grandfather had died. Remembering Grandpa’s words, I reached deep within my for those special feelings that had made up our friendship. Suddenly, and truly, I knew what he had meant about never saying goodbye --- about refusing to give in to the sadness.

1. When he turned ten the author felt very sad because he was leaving his old home and friends he knew so well. ( )答案:正确

2. His grandmother came up to him as the author was shuddering at the porch when the final day for departure approached. ( )答案:错误

3. Grandpa thought it was too cold for friends to use the word ―goodbye‖. ( )答案:正确

4. The author was led to the rose garden in the front yard as his grandpa wanted to show him how beautiful his roses were. ( )答案:错误

5. Grandpa thought it was that special feeling people deeply cherished that made the roses beautiful. ( )答案:正确

6. Grandpa had planted the roses before the author’s mother had a dream of having a child. ( )答案:错误

7. The author was named after his uncle when he was born. ( )答案:正确

8. Grandpa used to watch his first son pick roses for the author’s mother. ( )答案:错误

10. The author didn’t realize the true meaning of ―never saying goodbye‖ until Grandpa died. ( )答案:正确 当然，价格是导致纸制品数量激增的一个关键因素。因此有一间百货商店专门销售由所谓的“无人在乎”的人造纤维和尼龙所制的简单的A字型连衣裙。由于每件只售1.29美元，对于消费者来说，买一件新的用过后扔掉，比送一件普通的衣服去洗衣店几乎还要便宜，而且很快就会变得更加便宜。这其中不仅仅是经济学的问题，因为这种一次性使用文化的迅速发展也深深地影响了人们的心理。 电视经过若干年的发展，随着孩子们花费在这种新媒介的时间不断增加，家长们也越来越关心观看如此之多的电视可能会产生的影响。但是有一种认为电视的影响并非威力无比的论调反复重弹，却减轻了家长的忧虑。在一项早期的，颇有影响力的关于电视对孩子的影响的研究中，作者们这样写道：“电视每时每刻都进入一种早已存在的影响模式，其中包括家庭、同伴、学校、教堂以及整个文化。”换句话说，如果孩子们的家庭生活是正常的，家长就不必为看电视所产生的影响而担心。答案: 参照TEXT 1, UNIT 5

根据一位仅知其名为马菲的学者所归纳的法则，“任何东西如果会出毛病的话，它迟早要出毛病的。”据此得出的推论可以有助于解释次品问题：会出故障的终归要出故障；会停止运转的终归要停止运转。虽然马菲的理论不能被完全推翻，但是效应通常可以推迟发生。人类在其生存中花费大量的时间和精力，力图保证其生产的物品能在尽可能长时间里不发生故障，不破碎或者不停止运转。马菲的法则也适用于我们的产品，没有适度的智慧，技能和责任感是无法推翻它的。答案: 参照TEXT 1, UNIT 8

恐怖感令我陷入沉思。我看到了我所在的这个复杂的社会赤裸裸的简单本质。生活是个食与宿的问题，为了填饱肚子或有栖身之地，人们就要出卖其所拥有的东西，商人出卖鞋子，政客出卖气质，人民代表，除了个别例外，当然要出卖他的忠诚，而几乎所有的人都出卖尊严。女人也一样，不论是站在街头，还是受到神圣婚姻的束缚的，都可能要出卖他们的肉体。一切都是商品，每个人都在做买卖。劳动者唯一可以出卖的是他的体力。劳动者的尊严在市场上是没有价钱的。他能够出卖的除了体力还是体力。然而这其中有点区别，是本质的区别。鞋子、忠诚和尊严能够自动更新其库存，它们取之不绝，用之不尽。而体力却不会自动更新其库存。当鞋商出售鞋子的时候，他不断地补充其库存。可是劳动者却无法补充其体力的库存。体力出卖的越多，剩下的就越少。这是他唯一可以出售的商品，其储存量逐日减少。即使他不提早离开人世，也倾其所有，然后关门大吉，他成为破产的体力销售者，他一无所有，只能走到社会的最底层，悲惨地死去。答案: 参照TEXT 1, UNIT 13

如果教师真正力图促进个性发展，鼓励自尊，我认为，他们没有理由担心任何形式的分类教学。决定学生对个体差异的态度的因素，不是一个班的组织方式，而是教师。但是在向学生灌输正确的态度之前，教师首先需要批判性的分析自己对这些个体差异的态度。 如果一群有天份的或缺乏天分的学生不能正确地认识自己，其责任很可能在老师、家长或行政管理人员。我深信，如果教师接受并尊重个人价值，如果他们鞭策并激起他们的兴趣，每个学生就会根据自己的兴趣和能力健康地成长。我呼吁：让那些天分接近的孩子们携起手来，共同计划、享受生活在一起美好时光。

《时代》杂志一篇文章的作者写道“维持家庭和睦意味着要协调孩子与大人的需要。”但可以肯定的是，大人的需要比孩子的需要得到了更好的满足。孩子们被有效地甩开一边，不再制造麻烦；他们的父母则过着像那些没有孩子的夫妇一样的悠闲生活。事实上，正是孩子们对家庭的这些需要促使他们成长，正是通过家长满足这些需要所做的一切建立起家庭的未来所赖以生存的关系。如果一个家庭不积累家庭成员共同生活的点滴经历，不积累他们周而复始、不断发生变化和发展的日常生活的共同活动，那么，这个家庭最多只能算得上是一个福利院。答案: 参照TEXT 1, UNIT 5

许多教师对于把有天分的孩子另行编班持反对意见，因为他们相信这样做没有明显的成效。他们举了一些实验性研究为例，这些研究表明当孩子们被分成快慢班时在学业上并没有产生明显的变化。答案: 参照TEXT 1, UNIT 7

我认为有天才的孩子是那些具有某种特长和天生能力的孩子。这些特长和能力已为各种测试和观察仪器所认可并证实。这些孩子并且在体育、抽象思维和艺术某一方面表现出特别的兴趣并且有所成就。

相比之下，人们很难去关心陌生人或陌生人所使用的产品。在我们这个大生产大市场的工业时代，产品质量始终是个难题，因为一度使我们要对对方或自己的产品负责的亲密感情和个人交情已被金钱关系取而代之。不仅生产者和消费者现在是陌生人，就连那些涉及到生产和分配各个阶段的男人和女人们也彼此陌生，他们包括管理人员、生产第一线的工人、办公室勤杂人员以及销售人员。在较大的公司里，也许有成千上万的人在为同一产品工作，而这些人都有可能从未碰过面，或从不知其他人的名字。公司越大，劳动力分工越

复杂，互不关心的人际关系也越是占上风，马菲的法则效果也就越明显。答案: 参照TEXT 1, UNIT 8

要想生活真正得愉快和安全，你就得有至少两三种实实在在的爱好。到了年迈才开始说：“我要培养这样或那样的爱好。”这是徒劳的。因为这样只会使你的神经绷得更紧。一个人也许会获得大量与他本身日常工作毫不相干的知识，然而这些知识却不能使他获益分毫，或感到轻松。这时候凭兴趣而工作已经为时太晚，你只能一心一意的去爱你所从事的工作。大体上讲，人可以分为三类：第一类人劳碌终生，第二类人忧虑终生，第三类人终日游手好闲。对于一个劳累了整个星期的体力劳动者来说，让他在星期六下午去踢一场足球或打一场棒球是毫无益处的。而对于一个忙碌了一周或为一些重要的事情而担忧了一周的政治家、专业人士或商人来说，在周末还要他去为一些鸡毛蒜皮小事而操心也是绝不可取的。答案: 参照TEXT 1, UNIT 11

于是我回到工人阶级之中，这是我出生的地方，所也是我的归属之处。我再也没有兴趣向上爬。我头顶上的那座社会大厦对我失去了魅力，倒是它的基础引起了我的兴趣。我在社会的基层，手握撬棍，愉快地与知识分子，理想主义者和有阶级觉悟的劳动人民一起，肩并肩地辛勤劳动，不时用力一撬，使整个大厦摇摇欲坠。总会有那么一天，当我们再增加一些人手和撬棍的时候，我们将把这座大厦彻底推倒，让它那腐朽的生活和那些行尸走肉们，以及其特有的万恶的自私心理与愚蠢之极的物欲主义跟它一起见鬼去吧！然后，我们将把社会的底层清洗干净，把它建成一个人类的新居所；那里将没有上层社会，所有的房间将会是明亮而通风，人们呼吸的空气将会是纯洁、高尚和充满活力的。答案: 参照TEXT 1, UNIT 14

在使用一次性产品的过程中，我们形成一种与其相应的用完就扔的思维习惯。这一思维习惯产生了有别于其他事务的一整套全新的财产价值观。但是一次性消费在社会中的发展，同时暗示着人与物的联系周期已经缩短，我们已不再与某一物品保持一段相对长时间的联系。相反，我们与一个接一个不断取而代之的物品发生短暂的关系。答案: 参照TEXT 1, UNIT 10

怎样才能有效地培养这些有天分的孩子呢？我深信，我们应该尽可能的按照他们的兴趣能力来编组，制定出一套能帮助他们充分的发挥特长和能力的教学计划来鞭策他们。答案: 参照TEXT I, UNIT 7

这些孩子可能是天才的运动员：但在学业上确实有困难，也可能是蹩脚的运动员，但又是高智力的，没有任何测试能难倒他们的考试型孩子。“有天分的”可以用来描述那些智力平常，但在绘画或音乐方面有特长的孩子，也可以描述智商高超，各方面都出类拔萃的孩子。