32.(7分)如图甲所示,是小华探究电流与电压关系的电路,电源电压不变.当开关S闭合后,将滑动变阻器的滑片P从a端移至b端,电流表和电压表的示数变化如图乙所示. (1)电源电压是多少?
(2)现有三只不同规格的变阻器,规格分别为①“25Ω 0.5A”,②“30Ω 0.6A”,③“25Ω 1A”.结合图象分析并计算,说明小华实验时选用的是哪种规格的变阻器?
(3)当此滑动变阻器的滑片处于a点时,求变阻器消耗的功率?
【解答】解:(1)当滑片位于b端时,电压表测电源的电压,由图乙读出电源的电压为3V;
(2)由图象可知,I最大=0.6A>0.5A,故①滑动变阻器不能选; 当片位于a端时接入电路中的电阻最大,此时I最小=0.1A,U0=0.5V, ∵串联电路中总电压等于各分电压之和,
∴滑动变阻器两端的电压UP=U﹣U0=3V﹣0.5V=2.5V, ∵串联电路中各处的电流相等,
∴根据欧姆定律可得,滑动变阻器的最大阻值: RP=
=
=25Ω,故应选③滑动变阻器;
(3)当此滑动变阻器的滑片处于a点时变阻器消耗的功率: P滑=U滑I最小=2.5V×0.1A=0.25W. 答:(1)电源电压是3V;
(2)小华实验时选用③“25Ω 1A”规格的变阻器;
(3)当此滑动变阻器的滑片处于a点时,变阻器消耗的功率为0.25W.
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