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? Financial liberalization£¨½ðÈÚ×ÔÓÉ»¯£© ? Financial globalization £¨½ðÈÚÈ«Çò»¯£©

Inter-bank borrowing

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(ÒøÐÐA ¶àÌáÁË5ÍòÔªµÄ×¼±¸½ð£¬Ó¦²ð³ö£¬¿ÉÒÔÓøÃ5ÍòÔª×÷Ϊ´û¿î·¢·Å£¬ËùÒÔ×ʲú¶î¼õÉÙ£»ÒøÐÐBÓÉÓÚÉÙÌáÁË5ÍòÔªµÄ×¼±¸½ð£¬ËùÒÔÒª´Ó¿É·¢·Å´û¿îÖÐתÈë×¼±¸½ð£¬ËùÒÔ×ʲú¶îÔö¼Ó)

Banking Regulation ÒøÐмà¹ÜµÄÔ­Òò

Pros and Cons of Strict Rules Ñϸñ¹æÔòµÄÀûÓë±× To protect the public's savings ±£»¤¹«ÖÚ´¢Ðî To control the money supply ¿ØÖÆ»õ±Ò¹©¸ø

To ensure adequate supply of loans and to ensure fairness È·±£»ñµÃ³ä×㹫ƽµÄ´û¿î To maintain confidence in the system ´Ù½ø¹«ÖÚ¶ÔÒøÐеÄÐÅÐÄ To avoid monopoly powers ±ÜÃ⢶ÏȨÁ¦

To provide support for government activities Ö§³ÖÕþ¸®»î¶¯

To support special sectors of the economy °ïÖú¾­¼ÃÌåϵÖеÄÌØÊⲿÃÅ

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Banking's PrincipalRegulatory Agencies and Their ResponsibilitiesÖ÷Òª¼à¹Ü²¿ÃÅ

? federal reserve systemÁª°î´¢±¸Ìåϵ (¶Ô»áÔ±ÒøÐеļà¹ÜÒÔ¼°¶Ô½ðÈڿعɹ«Ë¾µÄÉ¡

Ðμà¹Ü£¬Õ÷ÊÕ´æ¿î×¼±¸½ð£¬·ÖÖ§»ú¹¹µÄÉóºË£¬¹ú¼ÊÒøÐÐÒµÎñµÄ¼à¹Ü)

? comptroller of the currency»õ±Ò¼àÀíÊð£¨ÊÚȨ³ÉÁ¢ÐµĹúÃñÒøÐУ¬²¢¶¨ÆÚ»üºËËùÓÐ

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federal deposit insurance corporationÁª°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾£¨¶Ô´æ¿îµÄ±£ÏÕ£¬¶Ô²ÎÓë±£ÏÕÒøÐеĺϲ¢µÄÉóÅú£¬ÒªÇó»áÔ±ÒøÐб¨¸æ²ÆÎñ×´¿ö£© department of justice˾·¨²¿£¨¶Ô½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹ºÏ²¢µÈ¶ÔÊг¡¾ºÕùµÄЧ¹û½øÐÐÆÀ¹ÀÓëÉóÅú£© securities and exchange commission֤ȯÓë½»Ò×ίԱ»á£¨¶ÔÒøÐлòÒøÐпعɹ«Ë¾¹«Ä¼Õ®È¯µÄÉóºËºÍ¶ÔÒøÐи½ÊôµÄ֤ȯ¹«Ë¾µÄÒµÎñµÄ¼à¹Ü£©

state boards or commissions ÖÝÒøÐÐίԱ»á£¨·¢·ÅÖÝÁ¢ÒøÐÐÖ´ÕÕ£¬¼à¹ÜÖÝÁ¢ÒøÐУ¬±¾ÖÝ·¶Î§ÄÚ³ÉÁ¢ÒøÐпعɹ«Ë¾µÄÉóºË£©

The Impact of Regulation £º¼à¹ÜÓ°Ïì

The Arguments for Strict Rules versus Lenient RulesÑϸñ¼à¹ÜÓëκͼà¹ÜµÄÕùÂÛ

national bank(¹úÁ¢ÒøÐÐ)

depository institution£¨ÖÝÁ¢ÒøÐУ©

Major Banking LawsÃÀ¹ú

Meet the ¡°Parents¡±: The Legislation That Created Today¡¯s Bank Regulators

? National Currency and Bank Acts (1863-64)¡¶¹úÃñ»õ±Ò¼°ÒøÐз¨°¸¡·ÃÀ¹úÒøÐÐÊ·

ÉϵÚÒ»²¿·¨¹æ½¨Á¢»õ±Ò¼àÀíÊð

? The Federal Reserve Act (1913)¡¶Áª°î´¢±¸·¨°¸¡·Áª°î´¢±¸ÌåÏµÒøÐеÄ×îºó´û¿î

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? The Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall)¡¶¸ñÀ­Ë¹-˹µÙ¸ñ¶û·¨°¸¡·ÊµÐиüΪÑϸñ

µÄ¼à¹Ü£¬½«ÉÌÒµÒøÐÐÒµÎñÓëͶ×ÊÒøÐУ¬±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾ÒµÎñ·ÖÀ룬

? Establishing the FDIC under Glass-SteagallÒÀ¾Ý¡¶¸ñÀ­Ë¹-˹µÙ¸ñ¶û·¨°¸¡·ÉèÁ¢Áª

°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾¼õСÁËÒøÐеļ·¶ÒÏÖÏóÌáÉý¹«ÖÚÐÅÓþ

? Criticisms of the FDIC and Responses Via New Legislation¶ÔFDICµÄÅúÆÀºÍ¶ÔÐÂÁ¢

·¨µÄºôÓõ

? Raising the FDIC Insurance LimitÌá¸ß¶ÔÁª°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾±£ÏÕµÄÏÞ¶î

Instilling Social Graces and Morales-Social Responsibility Laws¹àÊäÉç»á¹æ·¶ÓëµÀµÂ£ºÉç»áÔðÈη¨°¸

? 1968--Consumer Credit Protection Act¡¶Ïû·ÑÕßÐÅ´û±£»¤·¨¡·

? 1974--Equal Credit Opportunity Act¡¶ÐÅ´û»ú»á¾ùµÈ·¨°¸¡··ÀÖ¹·þÎñÆçÊÓ ? 1977--Community Reinvestment Act¡¶Éç»áÔÙͶ×Ê·¨°¸¡·

Legislation Aimed at Allowing Interstate Banking×¼Ðí¿çÖÞÒøÐÐÒµÎñµÄÁ¢·¨

Riegle-Neal Interstste Banking and Branching Efficiency Act ¡¶Èð¸ñ¶û-Äá¶û¿çÖÝÒøÐкͷÖÐÐЧÂÊ·¨°¸¡·1994ÄêÔÊÐíÒøÐпعɹ«Ë¾¿çÖÞÊÕ¹ºÒøÐУ¬ÔÊÐíÖÝÁ¢ÒøÐÐÉèÁ¢·ÖÖ§Ðкͼ沢

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (1999)»òFinancial service Modernization

¡¶½ðÈÚ·þÎñÏÖ´ú»¯·¨°¸¡·ÔÊÐí×ʱ¾³ä×㣬¹ÜÀíÍêÉÆµÄ½ðÈڿعɹ«Ë¾ÔÚ»ñµÃ¼à¹Ü»ú¹¹Åú×¼µÄÇé¿öÏÂͬʱ¾­ÓªÒøÐУ¬Ö¤È¯¹«Ë¾¼°±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾ÒµÎñ¡£

Telling the Truth and Not Stretching It£ºËµÃ÷ÕæÏ൫²»Òª¿ä´ó

The Sarbanes-Oxley Accounting Standards Act (2002)¡¶Èø°à˹-°Â¿Ë˹Àû·¨°¸¡·×é³ÉÁ˹«¹²¹«Ë¾»á¼Æ¼à¹ÜίԱ»áÒÔ´Ù½ø²ÆÎñ±¨¸æµÄ׼ȷÓ빫Õý¡££¨9.11ʼþ£¬°²È»Ê¼þ£©

The 21st Century Issues in an Array of New Laws, Regulations and Regulatory Strategies 21ÊÀ¼Íеķ¨ÂÉ£¬·¨¹æºÍ¼à¹Ü²ßÂÔ¡£

? The FACT Act £¨The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act£©¡¶¹«Æ½×¼È·ÐÅÓý»Ò×

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? Check 21¡¶21ÊÀ¼Í֧ƱÇåËã·¨°¸¡· ? New Bankruptcy RulesÐÂÆÆ²ú·¨

? Federal Deposit Insurance Reform¡¶Áª°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾¸Ä¸ï·¨°¸¡· ? New Regulatory Strategies in a New CenturyÐÂÊÀ¼Í¼à¹ÜµÄвßÂÔ

The Regulation of Nonbank Financial-Service Firms ·ÇÒøÐнðÈÚ»ú¹¹

Regulating Thrift (Savings) Industry¶Ô´¢ÐîÒµµÄ¼à¹Ü ? Credit Unions £¨NCUA ¹úÃñÐÅÓÃÉç¹ÜÀí¾Ö£©

? Savings and Loans and Savings Banks £¨Office of Thrift Supervision ´¢Ðî»ú¹¹¼àÀí

Ëù FDIC Insurance Áª°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾£©

? Money Market Funds £¨Securities and Exchange Commission £©SEC֤ȯ½»Ò×ί

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? Life and Property/Casualty Insurance Companies (State insurance commissions) ? Finance Companies (State goverment ÖÝÕþ¸®)

? Mutual Funds (Securities and Exchange Commission)

? Security Brokers and Dealers £¨Securities and Exchange Commission£©

? Financial Conglomerates ½ðÈÚ¹ÑÍ·£¨Functional Regulation ¹¦ÄÜÐÔ¼à¹Ü£©

Are Regulations Really Necessary in the Financial Services Sector?

Third party payment Paypal

The Central Banking System: ÖÐÑëÒøÐÐ

It?s Impact on Banks and the Decisions and Policies of Financial Institutions ¶ÔÒøÐм°ÆäËû½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹¾ö²ßºÍÕþ²ßµÄÓ°Ïì

£¨1£© Organizational Structure of the Federal Reserve System ÃÀÁª´¢µÄ½á¹¹

? Board of Governors ÃÀÁª´¢Î¯Ô±»á

? Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) ¹«¿ªÊг¡Î¯Ô±»á£¨FOMC¾ßÌåÈÎÎñ

ÊÇÖ¸µ¼¹«¿ªÊг¡²Ù×÷¡ª¡ªOMO£©

? 12 district Federal Reserve Bank 12¼ÒµØ·½´¢±¸ÒøÐÐ

£¨2£© The Central Bank's Principal Task -- Making and Implementing Monetary

Policy Ö÷ÒªÖ°Ôð¡ªÖƶ¨ºÍʵʩ»õ±ÒÕþ²ß

? The Open Market Policy Tool of Central Banking £¨OMO ¹«¿ªÊг¡ÒµÎñ¹¤¾ß£© ? Other Central Bank Policy Tools

? Rediscount RateÔÙÌùÏÖÂÊ

? Statutory deposit reserve ratio·¨¶¨´æ¿î×¼±¸ÂÊ

? A Final Note on Central Banking?s Impact of Financial Firms ¶Ô½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹Ó°ÏìµÄ×îºó

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1. Financial-services regulations are created to implement federal and state laws by providing practical guidelines for financial firms¡¯ behavior and performance.½ðÈÚ·þÎñ¼à¹ÜÊÇͨ¹ýΪ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄÐÐΪºÍ±íÏÖÌṩָµ¼Ô­ÔòÀ´Ö´ÐÐÁª°îºÍÖÝÕþ¸®µÄ·¨ÂÉ¡£

2. Regulation of financial firms takes place in a dual system in the United States---both federal

and state goverments are involved in chartering,supervising,and examining selected financial service companies.ÔÚÃÀ¹ú£¬½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄ¼à¹Ü²ÉÈ¡µÄÊÇË«ÖØÌåÖÆ£¬Áª°îºÍÖÝÕþ¸®¶¼ÓÐÊÚȨ£¬¼à¹Ü£¬¼ì²éºÍ¹Ø±Õ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄȨÀû¡£

3. The key federal regulators of banks include the Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation(FDIC),the Federal Reserve System(FRS),and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency(OCC).Áª°î²ã´Î´óµÄÖ÷ÒªÒøÐмà¹Ü»ú¹¹ÓÐÁª°î´æ¿î±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾£¨FDIC£©£¬Áª°î´¢±¸ÏµÍ³£¨FRS£©ºÍ»õ±Ò¼àÀíÊð£¨OCC£©

4. One of the most powerful of all financial institutions in the financial system is the central

bank,which regulates money and credit conditions£¨i.e,conducts monetary policy£©using such tools as open market operations,short-term loans,and legal reserve requirements.Central banks huave a powerful impact upon the profitability,growth,and viability of financial service