Ñӱߴóѧ±¾¿Æ±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ
Ŀ ¼
µÚÒ»ÕÂ Òý ÑÔ.................................................. 1
1.1ÎÊÌâµÄÌá³ö.............................................................................................. 1 1.2Ñо¿ÏÖ×´.................................................................................................. 1 1.3Ñо¿Ä¿µÄÓëÒâÒå...................................................................................... 2 1.4Ñо¿Ë¼Â·Óë·½·¨...................................................................................... 2 µÚ¶þÕ Ïà¹ØÀíÂÛ................................................. 4
2.1½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÀíÂÛ.................................................................................. 4
2.1.1Ö°Òµ³ÐŵµÄÀíÂÛ........................................................................... 4 2.2½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîÀíÂÛ.................................................................................. 5
2.2.1½ÌʦµÄ½ÇÉ«¼ÛÖµ¹Û....................................................................... 5 2.2.2½ÌʦµÄЧÄܸÐ............................................................................... 6
µÚÈýÕ ְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄî×´¿öµ÷²é½á¹ûÓë·ÖÎö........ 8
3.1µ÷²éÉè¼ÆÓëµ÷²é¹ý³Ì.............................................................................. 8
3.1.1µ÷²é¶ÔÏó....................................................................................... 8 3.1.2µ÷²é¹¤¾ß....................................................................................... 8 3.1.3Êý¾Ý´¦Àí....................................................................................... 9 3.2ְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÏÖ×´µ÷²éÓë·ÖÎö...................................................... 9
3.2.1×ÜÌåÇé¿ö·ÖÎö............................................................................... 9 3.2.2²îÒìÇé¿ö·ÖÎö............................................................................... 9 3.3ְǰ½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîÇé¿öµ÷²é½á¹ûÓë·ÖÎö............................................ 15
3.3.1ְǰ½Ìʦְҵ¼ÛÖµ¹ÛÇé¿ö·ÖÎö................................................. 15 3.3.2½Ìʦ×ÔÎÒЧÄܸÐÇé¿ö·ÖÎö......................................................... 15 3.3.3Éç»áѧ±äÁ¿²îÒìÇé¿ö·ÖÎö......................................................... 16 3.4ְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîÏà¹ØÇé¿ö·ÖÎö............................ 19
3.4.1ְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄî×ÜÌåÏà¹ØÇé¿ö·ÖÎö......... 19 3.4.2ְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄî¾ßÌåÏà¹ØÇé¿ö·ÖÎö......... 20
µÚËÄÕ ½áÂÛÓ뽨Òé.............................................. 23
4.1½áÂÛ........................................................................................................ 23 4.2½¨Òé........................................................................................................ 24 ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×....................................................... 26 Ö л......................................................... 27 ¸½ ¼......................................................... 28
Ñӱߴóѧ±¾¿Æ±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ
µÚÒ»ÕÂ Òý ÑÔ
1.1ÎÊÌâµÄÌá³ö
°éËæ×ŽÌÓýÆÕ¼°»¯¡¢½ÌÓýÀíÂÛÓëʵ¼ùµÄ·á¸»ºÍ·¢Õ¹£¬¡°´Ù½ø½Ìʦרҵ»¯·¢Õ¹¡±³ÉΪ¸÷¹ú½ÌÓý½ç¹Ø×¢µÄ½¹µã¡£×ÔÈ«¹úÏÆÆð½ÌÓý¸Ä¸ïµÄÈȳ±£¬×÷Ϊ½ÌÓý¸Ä¸ïµÄÖÐÐĵÄпγÌÒ²ÔÚ½ôÂàÃܹĵĽøÐÐ×Å¡£½ÌʦÊÇпγ̸ĸï³É°ÜµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬Ð¿γ̸ĸï¶Ô½ÌʦµÄרҵ·¢Õ¹Ìá³öÁËеġ¢¸ü¸ßµÄÒªÇó¡£¶øÖ°Ç°½Ìʦ×÷Ϊ׼½ÌʦµÄ·¢Õ¹¸üÓ¦Êܵ½È«¹ú¸÷½çµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£½Ìʦרҵ»¯ºÍпγ̸ĸïµÄÍÆÐкô»½½Ìʦ¾ßÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄÖ°Òµ³Ðŵ¡¢½ÇÉ«ÈÏÖª¡¢Ìض¨µÄ֪ʶ½á¹¹ºÍ×ÔÖ÷·¢Õ¹µÈÐÄÀí»ù´¡¡£¹ØÓÚ½ÌʦµÄÖ°Òµ³ÐŵµÄÑо¿ÒѾÓкܶ࣬Ȼ¶ø×÷Ϊ׼½ÌʦµÄְǰ½ÌʦµÄÑо¿È´ÉÙÖ®ÓÖÉÙ¡£±¾ÎĽ«¶Ô½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵºÍ½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄî½øÐÐÏà¹ØÑо¿¡£Ô¤ÆÚͨ¹ýÎÄÏ×·¨¡¢ÎÊ¾í·¨µÈÑо¿·½·¨Á˽âְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³Ðŵ¡¢½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîµÄÏÖ×´¡£½Òʾְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³Ðŵ¡¢½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîµÄÌØµã¼°ÆäÏ໥¹ØÏµ¡£·ÖÎöְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³Ðŵ¡¢½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîÏÖ´æµÄÎÊÌâ¼°Æä³ÉÒò¡£½ø¶øÌá³öÌá¸ß½ÌÓý¼¼ÊõѧרҵѧÉúְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵˮƽµÄ¶Ô²ß¡£
1.2Ñо¿ÏÖ×´
Ö°Òµ³ÐŵָµÄÊÇÒ»¸öÈËÓëÆäËù´ÓʵÄÖ°ÒµÖ®¼äµÄÒ»ÖÖÐÄÀíÁªÏµ¡£¼´ÓÉÓÚ¸öÈ˶ÔÖ°ÒµµÄÈÏͬºÍÇé¸ÐÒÀÀµ¡¢¶ÔÖ°ÒµµÄͶÈëºÍ¶ÔÉç»á¹æ·¶µÄÄÚ»¯¶øµ¼ÖµIJ»Ô¸±ä¸üÖ°ÒµµÄ³Ì¶È¡£BlauÈÏΪְҵ³ÐŵֻÓÐÒ»¸öÇé¸Ðά¶È£¬ÈÏΪ¸öÌåÁôÔÚÏÖÖ°ÒµÊÇÒòΪ¶ÔÖ°ÒµÓÐÇé¸Ð£¬½«Ö°Òµ³Ðŵ¶¨ÒåΪ¡°¸öÈ˶ÔÖ°Òµ»òרҵµÄ̬¶È¡±¡£MeyerºÍAllenÔÚÌá³ö×éÖ¯³ÐŵÈýά½á¹¹ÀíÂ۵Ļù´¡ÉÏ£¬Óë1993¿ªÊ¼½«ËûÃǶÔ×éÖ¯³ÐŵµÄÀíÂÛÓë²âÁ¿·½·¨À©Õ¹µ½Ö°Òµ³ÐŵµÄÑо¿ÖÐÀ´¡£ËûÃǾ¹ýÑéÖ¤ÐÔÒòËØ·ÖÎö£¬ÈÏΪְҵ³ÐŵҲÊÇÓÉÇé¸Ð³Ðŵ¡¢¼ÌÐø³Ðŵ¡¢¹æ·¶³ÐŵÈý¸öÒòËØ¹¹³É¡£
ÔÚ½Ìʦרҵ³É³¤µÄÑо¿ÖУ¬½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÕâÒ»Ö÷ÌâÖð½¥»ñµÃÁ˽϶àÑо¿ÕߵĹØ×¢¡£Ã·Ò®Ê״ν«Ö°Òµ³ÐŵÓõ½½ÌʦÕâ¸öÐÐÒµ¡£½Ìʦְҵ³Ðŵ¼´ÊǽÌʦ¶Ô×Ô¼ºËù´ÓÊÂÖ°ÒµµÄÈÏͬºÍͶÈë³Ì¶È£¬½Ìʦ±»³ÆÎªÈËÀàÁé»êµÄ¹¤³Ìʦ£¬½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÊÇÓ°ÏìѧÉú½¡¿µ³É³¤µÄÖØÒªÒòËØ¡£ÎÒ¹úÖ°Òµ³ÐŵµÄÑо¿Õý´¦ÓÚÆð²½½×¶Î¡£2000Ä꿪ʼÁúÁ¢ÈÙµÈÈËÊ×ÏȽéÉÜÁËÖ°Òµ³ÐŵµÄÀíÂÛÓë²âÁ¿·½·¨¡£ËæºóÐ츻Ã÷ºÍÖì´ÓÊé¡¢ÂÞÈóÉúºÍÉê¼ÌÁÁ¡¢ÉÜÑÅÀû¡¢Àîϼ¡¢ÁõÊÀÈðµÈÈËÏȺó½øÐйý½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÎʾíÑÐÖÆ¡¢½á¹¹·ÖÎöÒÔ¼°Ïà¹ØµÄÑо¿¹¤×÷¡£ÆäÖÐÀîϼͨ¹ý¶ÔÖÐСѧ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵµÄʵ֤ÑÐ
1
Ñӱߴóѧ±¾¿Æ±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ
¾¿£¬Ö¤ÊµÁËÖ°Òµ³ÐŵµÄÈýÒòËØ½á¹¹¡£
1.3Ñо¿Ä¿µÄÓëÒâÒå
1Ñо¿Ä¿µÄ
±¾ÎÄͨ¹ý¶ÔÑӱߴóѧ½ÌÓý¼¼ÊõѧרҵѧÉúµÄְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîÎÊÌâµÄÑо¿£¬Á˽â½ÌÓý¼¼ÊõѧרҵѧÉúµÄְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîµÄÏÖ×´£¬½Òʾ½ÌÓý¼¼ÊõѧרҵѧÉúµÄְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîµÄÏÖ×´ÌØµãÒÔ¼°¶þÕßÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµ£¬·ÖÎöÏÖ´æÎÊÌâ¼°Æä³ÉÒò£¬½ø¶øÌá³öÔö½øÊ¦·¶Éú½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄî¡¢Ìá¸ßʦ·¶Éúְǰ½Ìʦ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵˮƽµÄÓÐЧ²ßÂÔ¡£ 2Ñо¿ÒâÒå
ÀíÂÛÒâÒ壺±¾ÎÄͨ¹ý½Òʾ½ÌÓý¼¼ÊõѧרҵѧÉúµÄְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîµÄÏÖ×´ÌØµãÒÔ¼°¶þÕßÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµ£¬¶ÔÓÚÍÆ½ø½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÎÊÌâÑо¿¡¢½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîÑо¿¡¢½Ìʦרҵ·¢Õ¹Ñо¿µÈ¾ßÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÀíÂÛÒâÒå¡£
ʵ¼ùÒâÒ壺±¾ÎĶÔÓÚÁ˽âÑӱߴóѧ½ÌÓý¼¼ÊõѧרҵѧÉúµÄְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîµÄ»ù±¾Çé¿ö£¬½ÒʾÏÖ´æÎÊÌâ¼°Æä³ÉÒò£¬Ñ°ÇóÔö½ø½ÌÓý¼¼Êõרҵʦ·¶Éúְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵˮƽµÄÓÐЧ²ßÂÔ£¬Ìá¸ß½Ìʦ½ÌÓýÖÊÁ¿£¬½ø¶øÌá¸ßÖ°ºó½Ìʦ½ÌÓý³ÐŵˮƽµÈ¾ßÓÐ×Å»ý¼«µÄÏÖʵÒâÒå¡£
1.4Ñо¿Ë¼Â·Óë·½·¨
1.4.1Ñо¿±äÁ¿ÓëÑо¿¼ÙÉè
1.Ñо¿±äÁ¿
½Ìʦְҵ³Ðŵ£º¼ÌÐø³Ðŵ¡¢¸ÐÇé³Ðŵ¡¢¹æ·¶³Ðŵ ½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄ½Ìʦְҵ¼ÛÖµ¹Û¡¢½Ìʦ×ÔÎÒЧÄܸР2.Ñо¿¼ÙÉè
A¡¢Ö°Ç°½Ìʦְҵ³Ðŵˮƽ²»¸ß£¬¶øÇÒÄÚÔÚ¸÷ά¶È·¢Õ¹²»Æ½ºâ¡£Ö°Ç°½Ìʦְҵ³Ðŵ´æÔÚ×ÅÉç»áѧ±äÁ¿·½ÃæµÄ²»Í¬³Ì¶ÈµÄÏÔÖøÐÔ²îÒìÇÒ¸÷¾ßÌØµã£»
B¡¢Ö°Ç°½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîˮƽ²»¸ß£¬¶øÇÒÄÚÔÚ¸÷ά¶È·¢Õ¹²»Æ½ºâ¡£Ö°Ç°½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄî´æÔÚ×ÅÉç»áѧ±äÁ¿·½ÃæµÄ²»Í¬³Ì¶ÈµÄÏÔÖøÐÔ²îÒìÇÒ¸÷¾ßÌØµã£»
2
Ñӱߴóѧ±¾¿Æ±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ
C¡¢Ö°Ç°½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵˮƽºÍ½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄî¾ßÓÐÏÔÖøÏà¹ØÐÔ¡£
1.4.2Ñо¿·½·¨
1.Ñо¿Ñù±¾
±¾Îĵı»ÊÔÀ´×ÔÑӱߴóѧ½ÌÓý¼¼ÊõѧËĸöÄê¼¶¹²173ÃûѧÉú£¬·¢·ÅÎʾí173·Ý£¬»ØÊÕ160·Ý£¬ÆäÖÐÓÐЧÎʾí147·Ý£¬ÓÐЧ»ØÊÕÂÊΪ91.8%¡£ 2£®Ñо¿·½·¨
±¾ÎIJÉÓÃÎÄÏ×·¨¡¢×ÊÁÏ·ÖÎö·¨¡¢Îʾíµ÷²é·¨¡¢Í³¼Æ·¨£¬¶Ôְǰ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵºÍ½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîÏÖ×´½øÐÐÑо¿¡£
AÎÄÏ×·¨£ºÍ¨¹ý¶Ô¸÷ÖÖÎÄÏ××ÊÁϵÄÊÕ¼¯ºÍÍøÂçÐÅÏ¢¼ìË÷£¬Á˽â¹úÄÚÍâ¹ØÓÚ½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵºÍ½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîÑо¿µÄÏÖ×´¼°³É¹û¡£
BÎʾíµ÷²é·¨£º¶ÔÑӱߴóѧ½ÌÓý¼¼ÊõѧרҵѧÉú½øÐÐÎʾíµ÷²é£¬Í¨¹ýSPSSÈí¼þ¶Ô²É¼¯Êý¾Ý×÷ͳ¼Æ·ÖÎö²¢¶Ô½á¹û½øÐÐÌÖÂÛ¡£ 2£®Ñо¿¹¤¾ß
µ÷²éÎÊ¾í£º¡¶Ö°Ç°½Ìʦְҵ³ÐŵÓë½Ìʦ½ÇÉ«ÐÅÄîµ÷²éÎÊ¾í¡·
3