摘 要

随着排球比赛的国际化程度、比赛的竞技性水平越来越高，对运动员的竞技要求也随之变高。运动员在赛场上的较量已不再是依靠某一种竞技能力，更多的是依靠运动员在身体形态、身体机能、身体素质等多方面的综合素质来取得胜利。了解和研究优秀女子排球运动员竞技能力之间的相互关系，把握这些技能因素对于提高优秀女子排球运动员的竞技水平，针对排球运动员的综合竞技能力进行科学选材,具有非常重要的实际意义。因此笔者对参加2009年世界排球竞标赛的女子排球运动员的体能、技能、战术能力、智能、心理能力进行研究,分析女子排球运动员竞技能力的特征，以期为教练员在选材与训练中提供参考依据。

本研究从优秀女子排球运动员竞技能力因素，结果表明影响优秀女子排球运动员竞技能力的主要身体形态因素主要包括身高、体重、手长，肌肉类型，以及体型等五个方面；在各种机能指标中，心率、血型、最大摄氧能力、无氧能力和肺活量是优秀女子排球运动员竞技能力的主要身体机能因素；技术水平的因素主要有跳发球、垫球、传球、扣球和拦网；战术因素主要有双面进攻、三维进攻、立体进攻、三人拦网和多人拦网；心理能力的因素只有心理过程和个性特征的某些方面是较为重要；运动智能的因素主要有顺从成就、独立成就、智力效率、心理感受性和灵活性。

同时探讨出我国优秀女子排球运动员的竞技能力特征整体表现为体能、技能、战术能力、运动智能和心理能力五个方面的能力。体能特征主要表现为体格高大、匀称，健壮有力，体力充沛，去脂体重及质密度大，反应移动快、协调灵活；技能特征整体表现为发球技术低平化、速度化、弧度化，垫球技术实用化、多样化、经济化，传球技术速度化、合理化，扣球技术力量化、高效化，拦网技术高空化、手型经济化等特征；战术能力特征整体表现为平面与立体结合，战术变化多样，体现出“快、灵、狠”等战术特点；心理能力特征整体表现为: 稳定性较高，支配性强、同众性好、宽容性好、自我控制能力强、进取能力欲望强；而运动智能特征表现为进攻选手属于又快又准型；二传手具有又快又准、慢而准的双重运动智能特征；自由人属于快而不准型。

关键词：优秀女子排球运动员；竞技能力；因素；特征

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Abstract

In modern international big games for athletes, the comprehensive quality of increasing the requirements. Rely solely on a particular athletic ability win or ranked phenomenon more and more rare. Competition has developed skills, body state, psychological quality and intelligent comprehensive competition. Reveal the quantitative relationship between them and influential incrementalism, hold a few key link pertinently enhance its overall level, the athletes for different advantages on select material selection, comprehensive evaluation has very important practical significance. Therefore the author in 2009 to attend the world volleyball tournament volleyball players fitness, skills and tactics ability, intelligence, mental abilities, analyzes the influential volleyball players characteristics of competitive ability for the coaches in the selection, so as to provide reference basis with training.

This study from influencing excellent volleyball athletic ability, the results showed that the influence factors of competitive ability outstanding volleyball players main body form factors include height, weight and long arms, muscular body types, and five aspects; In various functions, heart rate, blood group index, the largest oxygen intake ability, anaerobic ability and vital capacity is affecting the competitive ability outstanding volleyball players main body function factors; Are the major factors of the technical level of the TiaoFaQiu, padding ball, passing, spiking and blocking; Tactical factors are double-sided offensive, 3d attack, three-dimensional offensive and three block and many people block; Mental ability factor only mental process and some aspects of personality characteristics is relatively important; Sports intelligent factors are obedient achievement, independent achievement, intelligence efficiency and psychological feeling sex and flexibility.

The paper also discussed the out of the excellent characteristics of competitive ability of volleyball players for overall performance physical fitness, skills and tactics ability, sports intelligent and psychological ability five aspects ability. Physical features mainly for physical tall, well-balanced, robust powerful, vigorous and reduced-fat weight and mass density, moving rapidly, coordination flexible reaction; Skills features for overall performance of serving a bit of technology, the speed of the ball, mat, radian economic diversification and pragmatism, technology, passing skills, rationalize, spiking speed of technical force change, is highlyeffective, blocking technology amination, the shape of the hand aloft characteristics of economization; Tactical

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capacity characteristics for the overall performance of plane and solid is diverse, combining tactics, reflect \spirit, malicious\tactical characteristics; Mental capacity characteristics overall performance for: stability is higher, with the dominant sex strong, are the gender is good, good, self control ability, enterprising ability strong desire; The sports intelligent characteristic feature is the offensive player belongs to fast and accurate model; With fast and accurate setter, slow and quasi double movement intelligent characteristic; Freeman belong to fast and prohibit type.

Keywords: excellent volleyball players; The competitive ability; Influencing factors;

features

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