初中数学知识点整?- 百度文库 ر

ŰʾĸӶɵʽӽʽһһ

ĸҲǴʽ

ֻĸĻĴʽʽһĸҲʽ ע⣺ʽϵĸĸָɵģϵôʾ

113?4a2bֱʾǴģӦд?a2bһʽУĸ 33ָĺͽʽĴ?5a3b2c6εʽ

ʽĺͽʽÿʽʽʽвĸʽдߵĴʽĴ ʽͶʽͳʽ ֵʽеĸմʽָ㣬ʽֵ ע⣺1ʽֵһȽʽȻٽĸȡֵ㡣 2ʽֵʱ󲻳ĸֵҪüɣ塱롣 2ͬ

ĸͬͬĸָҲֱͬͬҲͬ 3ȥŷ

1ǰǡ+źǰġ+һȥš 2ǰǡźǰġһȥš

䷽+䣬-ȫ䡣 4ʽ㷨 ʽļӼ1ȥţ2ϲͬֻϵͣĸָ ʽij˷aman?am?n(m,n)

n am?amn(m,n) (ab)n?anbn(n) (a?b)(a?b)?a2?b2 (a?b)2?a2?2ab?b2 (a?b)2?a2?2ab?b2

ʽijam?an?am?n(m,n,a?0) ע⣺1ʽ˵ʽĽȻǵʽ

2ʽʽˣһʽԭʽͬ

3ʱҪע⣬ʽÿһǰķţͬʱҪע

ʽķš

4ʽʽ˵չʽУͬҪϲͬ 5ʽеĸԱʾҲԱʾʽʽ 6a?1(a?0)a0?p?11p=()(a?0pΪ) apa7ʽԵʽѵʽϵͬݷֱֻڱʽ

еĸָͬһΪ̵ʽ 8ʽԵʽȰʽÿһʽٰõ

3

ӣʽԶʽDzôġ

3ʽֽ

1ʽֽ

һʽɼʽĻʽֱνʽֽ⣬Ҳʽֽʽ

2ʽֽij÷

1ṫʽab?ac?a(b?c) 2ùʽa2?b2?(a?b)(a?b) a2?2ab?b2?(a?b)2

a2?2ab?b2?(a?b)2

3ֽⷨac?ad?bc?bd?a(c?d)?b(c?d)?(a?b)(c?d) 4ʮ˷a2?(p?q)a?pq?(a?p)(a?q) 3ʽֽһ㲽裺

1ʽĸйʽôȡʽ

2ڸʽԺûйʽ£۲ʽ

2ʽԳùʽֽʽ

3ʽԳùʽʮ˷ֽʽ 4ʽ4ʽϵĿԳԷֽֽⷨʽ 3ֽʽֽ⵽ÿһʽٷֽΪֹ

1ʽĸ

һأABʾʽABͿԱʾĸʽ

AʽBкBAͽʽУAʽķӣBʽķĸ BʽʽͳΪʽ 2ʽ

1ʽĻʣʽķӺͷĸԣԣͬһʽ

ʽֵ䡣

2ʽıŷ򣺷ʽķӡĸʽķţıκʽ

ֵ䡣

3ʽ㷨

?xxx?xx???? y?yy?yyananacacacadad?? ???? ()?n(nΪ) bdbdbdbcbcbbaba?bacad?bc?? ?? cccbdbd

5θʽ

1θʽ

4

ʽa(a0)θʽ θʽ㣺жθšaǷǸ 2θʽ

θʽ㣺ʽʽвܿþʽĶθʽθʽ θʽΪθʽķͲ裺

1ǷСʽ̵ƽʰдɷʽʽȻ÷ĸл򡣣44

2ʽȽǷֽʽȻܿþ

ʽ

3ͬθʽ

θʽθʽԺͬ⼸θʽͬθʽ 4θʽ

?a???(a0)1(a)?a(a?0) 2a?a??

?a(a?0)?223ab?ab(a?0,b?0) 4

aa?(a?0,b?0) bb5θʽ

θʽĻʵе˳һȳ˷ٳ˳Ӽ

ŵģȥţ

̣飩

1һԪһη̵ĸ

1̣δ֪ĵʽ̡

2̵Ľ⣺ʹȵδ̵ֵ֪Ľ⡣ 3ʽ

1ʽ߶ϣȥͬһͬһʽýǵʽ 2ʽ߶ԣԣͬһ㣩ýǵʽ 4һԪһη

ֻһδ֪δ֪ߴ1ʽ̽һԪһη̣

?xΪδ֪a?0зax?b?0һԪһη̵ı׼ʽaδ֪x

ϵbdz

2һԪη

1һԪη

һδ֪δ֪ߴ2ʽ̽һԪη̡ 2һԪη̵һʽax?bx?c?0(a?0)

2ǣʽһδ֪xĶζʽʽұ㣬axaϵbxһbһϵc

5

23һԪη̵Ľⷨ

1ֱӿƽ

ƽĶֱӿƽһԪη̵Ľķֱӿƽ ֱӿƽڽ(x?a)2?bһԪη̡

ƽĶ֪x?abƽb0ʱx?a??bx??a?b

b0ʱûʵ

2䷽

䷽һҪѧڽһԪηӦãѧҲŹ㷺Ӧá

䷽۸ȫƽʽa2?2ab?b2?(a?b)2ѹʽеaδ֪xx棬x2?2bx?b2?(x?b)2

ʽʽһԪη̵ĽķǽһԪη̵һ㷽

?b?b2?4acһԪηax?bx?c?0(a?0)ʽx?(?0)

2a2У?=b?4ac¡4.

24ʽֽⷨ

ʽֽⷨʽֶֽΣ̵ĽķַУǽһԪηõķ

4һԪη̸бʽ

1бʽ

һԪηax2?bx?c?0(a?0)Уb?4acһԪηax2?bx?c?0(a?0)ĸбʽͨá?ʾ??b2?4ac 2һԪη̸

1?0ʱһԪηax2?bx?c?0(a?0)ȵʵ 2?=0ʱһԪηax2?bx?c?0(a?0)ȵʵ 3?0ʱһԪηax2?bx?c?0(a?0)ûʵ ϣ?0ʱ2ʵ?0ʱʵ

25һԪη̸ϵĹϵ

ax2?bx?c?0(a?0)ʵx1x2ôx1?x2??cbx1x2?

aaҲ˵κһʵһԪη̣֮͵ڷ̵һϵԶ

ϵõ̵෴֮ڳԶϵõ̡

1ʽ̣ĸﺬδ֪ķ̽ʽ̡ 2ʽ̵һ㷽

ʽ̵˼ǽʽ̡תΪʽ̡һⷨǣ 1ȥĸ߶򹫷ĸ 2õʽ

3õĸ򹫷ĸ㣬Ӧȥ㣬

ԭ̵ĸ

6