4) 强调 （Emphasis） 1. 短句 短句比长句更有力。

The sky was overcast. A north wind was blowing. b. 倒装句

In rushed the noisy children.

The poet was born poor, and poor he remained all his life. c.圆周句

属于向高潮发展的类型。 d. 祈使句 Don’t move. How nice. e.修辞问句或反问句

Didn’t I tell you that you mustn’t touch this machine ? f. 否定肯定陈述句

这种句子先指出不是什么，然后指出是什么。对比之后使之得到强调。 The delegates shouted and quarrelled. It was not a meeting; it was a farce (闹剧). g. 重复词或短语的句子

Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

----Abraham Lincoln h.动词和主动语态

在描写动作时，用动词比用表示动作的名词要好些，因为动词比名词更为生动有力。 试比较：

At the sight of the disorderly crowed, he was aware that something bad would be possible.

The moment he saw the disorderly crowed, he knew that something bad would happen. 比较结果：

第二句中的三个动词（saw, knew,happen）给人一种紧急的感觉，而第一句则缺少这种气氛。

In the dark the old man could feel the morning coming and as he rowed he heard the trembling sound as flying fish left the water and the hissing that their stiff set wings made as they soared away in the darkness.

--- Ernest Hemingway

再比较：

We planted many trees yesterday. Many trees were planted yesterday.

很明显，第一句强调种树的这个动作，而第二句强调的是这个动作的结果。被动语态在两种情况下有用：一是当动作的结果比动作本身更重要时；而是当接受动作者比做动作者更重要时。 比如说：

Lu Xun’s works have been translated into many languages.

More highrises will be built on the outskirts of the city. 5) 多样化

句型的多样化，对好的文章来说是不可缺少的。短句和长句，简单句、并列句和复合句，圆周句和松散句都应该错杂使用。

I have to declare the decision of his Majesty’s Government ---and I feel sure it is a decision in which the great Dominions will in due course concur--- for we must speak out now at once, without a day’s delay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be ? We have but one aim and one single irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn us. Nothing. We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land; we shall fight him by sea; we shall

fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its people from his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…That is our policy and that is our declaration. 练习：