瑕疵的） white from shoes to hat, and in the various Eastern ports where he got his living as ship-chandler’s （零售商） water-clerk he was very popular.

此段中的大多数句子是并列句和符合句。几乎全部是松散结构（除了最后一句的后半句）。所以，整个段落看起来没有悬念和高潮，语气平缓、松弛、随意。作者使用这些松散句是因为他在列举同等重要的事实或想法，也因为他是想自然而有序地陈述情况。 Features（特点）:

Loose sentence: easier, simpler, more natural, direct. Periodic sentence: complex, emphatic, formal and literary. b. What is a balanced sentence ?

When a sentence contains two or more parts of the same form and grammatical function, it is one with parallel constructions. Let us be ruthless in our criticism, cruel to personal vanities, indifferent to age, rank or experience if these stand in our way.

---- Norman Bethune

On hearing the news, he was angered , and I was saddened.

Features（特点）: Emphatic and forceful.

对偶句会给人留下深刻的印象，因为它包含相反的意思，而且声调和节奏优美。对偶句主要用于说明文、辩论文及演说等正式问题中。

4）Short Sentences and Long Sentences

Short sentences are usually emphatic, whereas long sentences are capable of expressing complex ideas with precision, because it may contain many modifiers. Short sentences are suitable for the presentation of important facts and ideas, and long sentences for the explanation of views and theories, or the description of things with many details. 53

He crouched a little, spreading his hands under the water and moving them around, trying to feel for her. The dead cold pond swayed upon his chest. He moved again, a little deeper, and again, with his hands underneath, he felt all around under the water. And he touched her clothing. But it evaded his fingers. He made a desperate effort to grasp it…

He laid her down on the bank. She was quite unconscious and running with water. He made the water come from her mouth, he worked to restore her. He did not have to work very long before he

could feel the breathing begin again in her; she was breathing naturally. He worked a little longer. He could feel her live beneath his hands; she was coming back. He wiped her face, wrapped her in his overcoat, looked round into the dim, dark gray world, then lifted her and staggered down the bank and across the fields. －－D.H.Lawrence Question:

What is described in this paragraph ?

文中的许多短句生动地描写了那个男人的快速动作，从而使读者感受到他那时的紧张心情。

Art, in the sense here intended—that is, the generic term subsuming painting, sculpture, architecture, music, dance, literature, drama, and film---maybe defined as the practice of creating perceptible forms expressive of human feeling. I say “perceptible” rather than “sensuous” forms because some works of art are given to imagination rather than to the outward senses. A novel, for instance, usually is read silently with the eye, but is not made for vision, as a painting is; and though sound plays a vital part in poetry, words even in poetry are not essentially sonorous structures like music…. --- Susanne K. Langer

Long sentences are common in legal, political and theoretical writing, which depends on modification for accuracy.

The writer is trying to define such abstract terms as “art”, and it is necessary for her to use so many words to make the definitions accurate and prevent misunderstanding.

In fiction long sentences are sometimes used to describe a person, a thing or a scene.

Mrs. Chalmers was kind of fat and her hair was pretty blond and her complexion was soft and pink and she always looked as though she had been in the beauty parlor (客厅，会客厅) all afternoon. If the long sentence is broken into many short sentences, the contrast between the normal Chalmers couple and the couple on that particular occasion would be so striking. Attention:

The basic principle is that the structure should fit the idea being expressed. 注意：

在写作的过程中，是思想决定结构。 3. Effective Sentences