毕 业 设 计

茂名职业技术学院

茂名职业技术学院

2011年12月21日

数控铣床X-Y工作台设计

【摘要】

本设计是在数控机床工作原理之上设计一台简单的、经济型的x-y数控铣床工作台。X-Y数控工作台的机电系统设计是一个开环控制系统,其结构简单，实现方便而且能够保证一定的精度。降低成本,是微机控制技术的最简单的应用。它充分的利用了微机的软件与硬件功能以实现对机床的控制,使机床的加工范围扩大,精度和可靠性进一步得到提高。设计任务是完全围绕数控机床工作原理而展开的，本设计充分体现了数控机床机械设备部分与电气设备部分的紧密结合。X-Y数控工作台设计包括总体方案的设计、步进电机的选用、传动装置的设计、电气控制部分的设计和相关软件的设计。本设计的经济型数控工作台精度并不高，采用开环系统；机械传动部分采用步进电机直接连接滚珠丝杠，从而驱动工作台进给。步进电机是一个将脉冲信号转移成角位移的机电式数模转换器装置。其工作原理是：每给一个脉冲便在定子电路中产生一定的空间旋转磁场；由于步进电机通的是三相交流电，所以输入的脉冲数目及时间间隔不同，转子的旋转快慢及旋转时间的长短也是不同的。由于旋转磁场对放入其中的通电导体即转子切割磁力线时具有力的作用，从实现了旋转磁场的转动迫使转子作相应的转动，所以转子才可以实现转子带动丝杠作相应的运动。

关键词：X-Y数控工作台；设计任务；机械传动部件；控制系统

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茂名职业技术学院

CNC XY table design

Abstract

The design is in the NC machine tool works on top of design a simple, economical CNC xy table. XY table CNC electromechanical system design is an open-loop control system, its structure is simple, convenient and can guarantee to achieve a certain degree of accuracy. Reduce costs, is a computer-controlled technology, the simplest applications. It is full advantage of the crisis in software and hardware capabilities in order to achieve the control of machine tools; to expand the scope of processing machines, precision and reliability, and further enhanced. Design task is completely around the

NC machine tool works and carried out,this design fully reflects the CNC machine tools and electrical equipment, machinery and equipment part of the close combination of parts. CNC XY table design includes the overall program design, selection of stepper motors, gear design, electrical control part of the design and related software design. The design of the economy is not high-precision CNC table, using open-loop system; mechanical transmission part is directly connected to ball screw stepping motor, which drives table feed

. Stepper motor is a pulse signal will be transferred into the angular displacement of the electromechanical DAC device. Its working principle is: each to a pulse will be generated in the stator circuit in a certain space rotating magnetic field; due to pass the three-phase stepper motors AC Therefore, the number of input pulses and the time interval is different from the rotation of the rotor rotation speed and the length of time are different. As the rotating magnetic field into which the power of both the rotor conductor cutting magnetic field lines when the role of a force, from the realization of the rotating magnetic field corresponding rotational force of rotor rotation, so the rotor can be achieved only lead screw rotor

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茂名职业技术学院 corresponding movement.

Keywords: X-Y CNC table; design tasks; mechanical transmission components; control system

目 录

摘要 ..................................................................... 1 Abstract ................................................................. 2 1．绪论 .................................................................. 5

1.1课题研究发展现状……………………………………………………………….......5 1.2引言 ………………………………………………………………………………….6 2.设计任务................................................................6

题目：X-Y数控工作台系统设计……………………..………………………………...6 3.总体方案的确定..........................................................7

3.1 机械传动部件的选择 .............................................................................................. .7

3.1.1伺服电动机的选用 ........................................................................................ 7 3.1.2导轨副的选用 ................................................................................................ 7 3.1.3丝杠螺母副的选用 ........................................................................................ 7 3.1.4减速装置的选用 ............................................................................................ 7 3.1.5检测装置的选用 ............................................................................................ 7 3.2 控制系统的设计 ....................................................................................................... 8 3.3 绘制总体方案图 ....................................................................................................... 8 4.机械传动部件的计算与选型 ............................................... 8

4.1 导轨上移动部件的重量估算 ................................................................................... 8 4.2 铣削力的计算 ........................................................................................................... 8 4.3 直线滚动导轨副的计算与选型（纵向） ............................................................... 9

4.3.1 块承受工作载荷

Fmax的计算及导轨型号的选取 ..................................... 9

4.3.2 距离额定寿命L的计算 .............................................................................. 9 4.4 滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算与选型 .......................................................................... 10

4.4.1 最大工作载荷Fm的计算 .......................................................................... 10 4.4.2 最大动工作载荷FQ的计算 ...................................................................... 10 4.4.3 初选型号 .................................................................................................... 10 4.4.4 传动效率η的计算 .................................................................................... 10

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