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Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to \against the blues£¬scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually ¡ª1¡ª depressive symptoms in some teens.
¡°This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived ¡ª2¡ª benefits of smoking among teens,¡± says lead researcher Michael Chaiton£¬a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto£®¡°¡ª3¡ª cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating ¡ª4¡ª or to improve mood£¬in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.¡±
As part of the study£¬some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires ¡ª5¡ª their use of cigarettes to affect mood£®Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants£¬urban and rural schools£¬and schools ¡ª6¡ª in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods£® Participants were divided into three ¡ª7¡ª: never smokers£»smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate£¬improve mood or physical ¡ª8¡ª£»smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate£®Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things£ºhad ¡ª9¡ª going to sleep or staying ¡ª10¡ª£»felt unhappy£¬sad£¬or depressed£»felt hopeless about the future£»felt vexed£¬antsy or tense£»and worried too much about things£®
\who used cigarettes as mood ¡ª11¡ª had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked,\0¡¯Loughlin£¬a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine£®\benefits from smoking are at higher risk of ¡ª12¡ª depressive symptoms.\ The ¡ª13¡ª between depression and smoking exists ¡ª14¡ª Ò»among teens that use cigarettes to feel better£®\s ¡ª15¡ª to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,\£®Chaiton£®
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